Fluid Mechanics I

ME-233
Fall 2017

Course Instructor : Tauha Irfan

 TEXT AND MATERIALS
Textbook
• ‘Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics’, 7th edition,
by Munson, Young and Okiishi
References
• ‘Fluid Mechanics’, 5th edition by Frank White
• ‘Engineering Fluid Mechanics’, 7th edition by
Crowe, Elger and Roberson
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
 Fluid Mechanics Overview
Fluid Mechanics

Gas Liquids Static Dynamic

F 0
s
i
s

Fi  0 , Flows
Water, Stability
Air, He, Ar,
N2, etc.
Oils, Pressur Buoyanc Compressible/
Alcohols, e y
etc. Incompressibl
e
Laminar/
Surface
Tension Turbulent

CompressibilityDensity Viscosity Steady/Unstead

Vapor y
Viscous /
Pressur Inviscid
Chapters 1: e Fluid Dynamics:
Introduction & Chapter 2: Fluid Rest of Course
Basic properties Statics
 Introduction
Hence we can say

Fluid Mechanics is the science concerned with

the behavior of liquids and gases at rest and in
motion
 Introduction

Fluid Mechanics is a major component of

engineering sciences, specially Mechanical
Engineering

But it is not limited to Mechanical Engineering!!

Examples……
Aerodynamics
Bio-Engineering
Energy generation
Geology
River hydraulics
Hydrodynamics
Meteorology
Fluid Mechanics is everywhere!!
 Characteristics of Fluids
What is a fluid??
• Difference between a fluid and solid is based
on molecular structure
• Solids have densely packed molecules with
strong bonds
– Typically have high density and are rigid
 Characteristics of Fluids
• Liquids have somewhat less densely packed
molecules with weaker intermolecular forces /
bonds
– Can move relative to each other
• Gases have negligible intermolecular forces
therefore have large intermolecular spacing
– Can be compressed
 Characteristics of Fluids
• Specifically, a fluid is defined as ‘a substance
that deforms continuously when acted on by a
shearing stress of any magnitude’
• A shearing stress is created whenever a
tangential force acts on a surface
 Characteristics of Fluids
• Solids when acted on by shearing stress will
initially deform (very small deformation), but
they will not continuously deform (flow)
• However, fluids start to flow when acted on by
a shearing stress
 Characteristics of Fluids
• Although fluids are classified on the basis of
intermolecular forces and molecular structure,
but in studying their ‘Mechanics’, we don’t
consider individual molecular behavior
 Characteristics of Fluids
• Typically an ‘Average’ behavior approach,
called the ‘Continuum’ approach is used.
• Thus the scale of interest is much larger than
intermolecular spacing
– (No of molecules per cubic millimeter is on the
order of 1018 for gases and 1021 for liquids)