Computer Network

&
Web Technologies
Data Communication
Is the exchange of data between two devices
via some form of transmission medium
such as a wire cable.
Transmission Media - The media over which
the information between two computer
systems is sent, Transmission media comes
in two forms
Guided Media - All communication wires/cables are, as twisted pair
cable, coaxial cables, and fiber Optics. In this media,the sender and
receiver are directly connected and the information is send through cable
or wires

Unguided Media - Wireless or open air space is said to be unguided

media, because there is no connectivity between the sender and receiver.
 - The data transfer -The bandwidth will
Channels
is measured in be higher if more
Capacity bandwidth. information can
send at once.

- Bandwidth is -The higher the

represented in bandwidth of the
hertz (Hz). It transmission
means number of media, the more
signals transmitted information can be
per second. transmitted
Types of band Narrow Band - Broadband - Voice band -
width Provides provides or range,
lower data higher data specified for
rates up to rates up to voice
100s of kbps, 100s of Mbps communicatio
as they work and works at ns in the
at lower higher public
frequencies. frequencies. switched
telephone
network.
What is Network
● A network consists of two or more
computers that are linked in order to
share resources (such as printers,
scanners, CDs and internet),
● The computers on a network may be
linked through cables, telephone lines,
radio waves, satellites, or infrared light
beams.
● Example: Phone, Computer and TV
connected to a single network (Home
Network)
Different Types of Networks
❖ Depending upon the geographical area covered by a

network, it is classified as:

– Local Area Network (LAN)

– Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

–Wide Area Network (WAN)

– Personal Area Network (PAN)

-Wireless Network
Local Area Network (LAN)

- is a network that is - Spanning a few

used usually within hundred meters, and no
an office building or more than a mile.
home.

- Eg. A building or a
group of building
Advantages of
Speed E-mail
LAN

Cost Resource Sharing

Security
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

- is a large computer - MANs span (cover) - Examples of MAN:

network that usually distance up to 100 Cable TV network.
spans over a city or miles
a large campus.
 - Covers a large area such as country,
Wide Area Network continent or even whole of the world.

(WAN)/ Internet

WANs may transmit data over leased

high-speed phone lines or wireless links
such as satellites.This networks provide
connectivity to MANs and LANs.

Example: Internet, Telecommunication

networks
Wireless network
- Sometimes it’s also referred to as WiFi network or WLAN.

- This network is getting popular nowadays due to easy to

setup feature and no cabling involved.

- You can connect computers anywhere in your home without

the need for wires.
Comparison between LAN, MAN AND WAN
     
Difference between
Intranet &Extranet

● Intranet - Is a private webpage design to meet the needs of the

company/Students.

■ Example: Cosac, Julian Cho Abacus

● Extranet - Is used when the members of the company are located in

different places but still access the webpage

■ Example: Julian Cho Abacus, Online Banking

Internet ● Is a public, global wide area network
base on the IP protocol which connect
world wide via huge set of
telecommunications link.
● Examples: Youtube, Facebook
 Internet History
- Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of
ARPANET,

- Originally funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, for

military purpose only, ARPANET used packet switching to
allow multiple computers to communicate on a single
network.
Basic Components & function of a
network
Major components
● Hub - is a hardware device that divides the network connection among
multiple devices.
Switch

● is a hardware device
that connects multiple
devices on a
computer network. A
Switch contains more
advanced features
than Hub
Router
- A router is a hardware device which is used to connect a LAN with an internet
connection. It is used to receive, analyze and forward the incoming packets to
another network.
- router creates a network between the computers in your home
Modem
- is a hardware device that allows the computer to connect to the internet over
the existing telephone line.
- modem connects the network—and thus the computers on it—to the internet
 Router vs Modem
In short, your router creates a
network between the computers
in your home, while your modem
connects that network—and thus
the computers on it—to the
internet.
Many internet providers
offer a combined
modem/router unit that
performs both these
functions in one device.
 Network Cabling
● Is the medium through which information usually move from one
network device to another.
● The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network
topology, protocol and size.
● Understanding the different type of cable will help to develop a
successful network
Unshielded Twisted pair (UTP)
● Is the most popular and generally is the best option for school network.
● Out of these two wires, only one carries actual signal, and another is used for
ground reference. The twists between wires are helpful in reducing noise.
Coaxial Cable
● The metal shield help to block any outside interference from light, motors and
other computers
● can carry high frequency signals than that of twisted pair cable.
Fiber Optics
● Fiber Optic works on the properties of light.
● It is used to connect network between building due to the immunity of
moisture and light.
Network Topology
- is the arrangement with which
computer systems or network
devices are connected to each other
 Point-to-Point
● networks contains exactly two hosts such as
computer, switches, routers, or servers
connected back to back using a single piece of
cable.
Bus Topology
● all devices share single communication line or cable. Bus topology may have
problem while multiple hosts sending data at the same time.
● It is one of the simple forms of networking where a failure of a device does not
affect the other devices.
Star Topology
● are connected to a central device, known as hub device, using a point-to-point
connection
● Every communication between hosts takes place through only the hub.
Ring Topology
● Each host machine connects to exactly two other machines, creating a
circular network structure.
● Failure of any host results in failure of the whole ring
Tree Topology
● Also known as Hierarchical Topology, this is the most common form of
network topology in use presently.
● This topology divides the network into multiple levels/layers of network.
● if the root goes down, then the entire network suffers even though it is not the
single point of failure.