HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL

HAZARDS
 HYDROLOGY
• THE BRANCH OF SCIENCE
CONCERNED WITH THE
PROPERTIES OF THE
EARTH'S WATER AND
ITS MOVEMENT IN
RELATION TO LAND.
 METEOROLOGY
•IS THE SCIENTIFIC
STUDY OF THE
ATMOSPHERE THAT
FOCUSES ON WEATHER
PROCESSES AND
FORECASTING
 HYDROMETEOROLO
• IT IS A BRANCH OF
GY
METEOROLOGY AND
HYDROLOGY THAT STUDIES
THE TRANSFER OF WATER
AND ENERGY BETWEEN THE
LAND SURFACE AND THE
LOWER ATMOSPHERE. 
 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
PART 1 – HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
(TYPES, CAUSES AND EFFECTS)
1. TROPICAL CYCLONES 4. EL NIÑO
2. THUNDERSTORMS 5. LA NIÑA
3. FLOODING 6. DROUGHT
- HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MAPS
PART 2 – MITGATION, PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE, RECOVERY
AND REHABILITATION, PROJECT NOAH
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL

HAZARDS
TROPICAL
CYCLONES
 TROPICAL CYCLONES
• TROPICAL CYCLONE IS A
RAPIDLY ROTATING STORM
SYSTEM CHARACTERIZED
BY A LOW-PRESSURE
CENTER, A CLOSED LOW-
LEVEL ATMOSPHERIC
CIRCULATION, STRONG
WINDS
 TROPICAL CYCLONES
• TROPICAL CYCLONES
ARE ALSO CALLED
TYPHOONS OR
HURRICANES,
DEPENDING WHERE ON
THE GLOBE THEY FORM
 TYPHOONS
• TROPICAL STORMS
DEVELOPED IN
WESTERN PACIFIC
ARE CALLED
TYPHOONS.
 TYPHOONS
• THE PUBLIC STORM
WARNING SIGNAL
(PSWS) DESCRIBES THE
METEOROLOGICAL
CONDITIONS AND WIND
IMPACTS IN EACH OF ITS
PUBLIC STORM WARNING
SIGNAL NUMBERS.
TYPHOONS
 DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY
TROPICAL CYCLONES
•STRONG WINDS
- TROPICAL
CYCLONES ARE
KNOWN TO CAUSE
SEVERE DAMAGE TO
INFRASTRUCTURES
 DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY
TROPICAL CYCLONES
• TORRENTIAL RAINS
(MORE THAN 30CM/HR)
AND INLAND FLOODING
- MAY CAUSE LARGE SCALE
SOIL EROSION AND
WEAKENING OF
EMBANKMENTS
 DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY
TROPICAL CYCLONES
• STORM SURGE
- AN ABNORMAL RISE
OF SEA LEVEL MAY
INUNDATES LOW-
LYING AREAS OF
COASTAL REGIONS
THUNDERSTORMS
 THUNDERSTORMS
•THUNDERSTORM
IS THE PRESENCE
OF THUNDER AND
LIGHTNING WITHIN
AND AROUND RAIN
CLOUDS
 THUNDERSTORMS
•THUNDERSTORMS ARE
CASUED BY
CONVECTION THAT
OCCUR WHEN THE
SUN’S WARMTH HAS
HEATED A LARGE BODY
OF MOST AIR NEAR THE
GROUND
THUNDERSTORM FORMATION
 EFFECTS OF
THUNDERSTORMS
•THREAT TO
ORGANISMS AND
DAMAGE TO
PROPERTIES DUE TO
LIGHTNING
HAZARDS
 EFFECTS OF
THUNDERSTORMS
•THUNDERSTORM
UPDRAFTS AND
DOWNDRAFTS
RESULT IN HEAVY
PRECIPITATION
 EFFECTS OF
THUNDERSTORMS
• THUNDERSTORM MAY
RESULT TO LOCAL
ATMOSPHERIC
INSTABILITY,
CATASTROPHIC
FLOODING, VERY
STRONG WINDS,
TORNADOES
FLOODING
 FLOODING
•FLOOD IS THE
INUNDATION OF
LAND AREAS
WHICH ARE NOT
NORMALLY COVERED
WITH WATER
 FLOODING
•FLOODS ARE
CAUSED BY
HEAVY OR
STEADY RAIN
TYPES OF FLOODS
• FLASH FLOODS
• RIVER FLOODS
• COASTAL FLOODS
• URBAN FLOODS
• ICE JAM
• GLACIAL LAKE
OUTBURSTS FLOODS
 TYPES OF FLOODS
•FLASH FLOODS
OCCUR SUDDENLY
DUE TO RAPIDLY
RISING WATER
ALONG A STREAM
OR LOW-LYING AREA
 TYPES OF FLOODS
•RIVER FLOODS
ARE CAUSED BY
PRECIPITATION
OVER A LARGE
CATCHMENT AREA
 TYPES OF FLOODS
•COASTAL
FLOODS HAPPEN
WHEN WATER
SURGES ALONG
THE COAST
 TYPES OF FLOODS
•COASTAL
FLOODS HAPPEN
WHEN WATER
SURGES ALONG
THE COAST
 TYPES OF FLOODS
•ICE JAM
OCCUR WHEN
THE SNOW
MELTS ON A
FASTER RATE
 TYPES OF FLOODS
•GLACIAL LAKE
OUTBURST FLOOD IS
CHARACTERIZED BY THE
SUDDEN DISCHARGE OF
LARGE VOLUMES OF
WATER AND DEBRIS
CAUSING FLOODING IN
THE DOWNSTREAM
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
FLOOD
• DEPTH OF WATER
• DURATION
• VELOCITY
• FREQUENCY OF
OCCURRENCE
• SEASONALITY
EL NIÑO
 EL NIÑO
• EL NIÑO IS A
NATURALLY-
OCCURING EVENT IN
THE EQUATORIAL
REGION WHICH
CAUSES TEMPORARY
CHANGES IN THE
WORLD CLIMATE
 EL NIÑO
• EL NIÑO WAS THE NAME
USED FOR WARMER
THAN NORMAL SEA
SURFACE
TEMPERATURES IN
THE PACIFIC OCEAN
OFF THE COAST OF
SOUTH AMERICA.
 EL NIÑO
•DURING EL
NIÑO, LOWER
THAN AMOUNT
OF RAINFALL IS
REGISTERED.
LA NIÑA
 LA NIÑA
•BOTH EL NIÑO AND LA
NIÑA ARE COMPLEX
WEATHER PATTERNS
RESULTING FROM
VARIATIONS IN OCEAN
TEMPERATURES IN THE
EQUITORIAL PACIFIC. LA
NIÑA IS THE OPPOSITE
OF EL NIÑO.
 LA NIÑA
•IN LA NIÑA,
SIGNIFICANTLY
HIGHER THAN
NORMAL AMOUNT
OF PRECIPITATION
IS RECORDED.
DROUGHT
 DROUGHT
• DROUGHT IS SIMILAR TO
EL NIÑO ONLY THAT THE
FORMER IS DIFFICULT TO
DEFINE DUE TO ITS
VARYING IMPACTS
ACROSS THE DIFFERENT
REGIONS OF THE WORLD.
 TYPES OF DROUGHT
•METEOROLOGICAL
DROUGHT
•HYDROLOGICAL
DROUGHT
•AGRICULTURAL
DROUGHT
 TYPES OF DROUGHT
• METEOROLOGICAL
DROUGHT
- IS THE DEFICIENCY OF
PRECIPITATION FROM THE
EXPECTED OR NORMAL
LEVELS THAT EXTEND
OVER A PERIOD OF TIME
 TYPES OF DROUGHT
• HYDROLOGICAL
DROUGHT
- IS THE DEFICIENCY IN
SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE
SUPPLIES LEADING TO LACK
OF WATER FOR NORMAL
AND SPECIFIC NEEDS
 TYPES OF DROUGHT
• AGRICULTURAL
DROUGHT
- IT OCCURS WHEN THE
SOIL MOISTURE AND
RAINFALL ARE INADEQUATE
DURING CROP GROWING
SEASON CAUSING EXTREME
CROP STRESS AND WILTING
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
MAPS