KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Chap= I
INTRODUCTION TO KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

M.ibrahim
1–1
UNIT
UNIT II -- INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO
TO KNOWLEDGE
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
Learning
Learning objectives
objectives

1. Meaning and definition

2. Basic terminology: Data, information and knowledge
3. Characteristics of knowledge
4. Types of knowledge: Explicit and tacit
5. Difference between explicit and tacit knowledge
6. Concept of knowledge management
7. Benefits of knowledge management
8. Forces driving knowledge management
9. Intellectual capital: Types
10. Knowledge management system cycle

1–2
1.
1. Knowledge
Knowledge Management:
Management: Meaning
Meaning and
and
Definition
Definition

 Knowledge Management (KM) is a

process of acquiring, creating and
sharing knowledge in order to achieve
the organizational objectives by making
the best use of the knowledge.

 KM is a group of systems and practices for

identifying, capturing, storing and disseminating
information

1–3
 2.
2. Basic
Basic terminology:
terminology:
Data,
Data, Information
Information and
and
Knowledge
Knowledge
Old Py
– data
• information
– knowledge
» wisdom

DATA INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE

Definition Raw facts, figures Data placed into Information in
and records a form that is context to make
contained in a accessible, timely it insightful and
system. and accurate. relevant for
human action.
Reason Processing Storing / Insight,
Accessing. innovation,
improvement.

Collection of Organized data, Contextual,

facts, relevant,
measurements, actionable
statistics information
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3.
3. Characteristics
Characteristics of
of knowledge
knowledge

1. Explicitness careful thoroughness of detail ; leaving nothing merely implied

2. Codifiability Arranged in systematic collection

3. Teachability suitability for use in teaching

4. Knowledge Specificity Specific knowledge possessed

1–5
4.
4. Types
Types of
of Knowledge:
Knowledge: Explicit
Explicit and
and
Tacit
Tacit

1. Explicit: Explicit knowledge is the knowledge

that is codified, recorded, or actualized into
some form outside of the head

Eg.: Books, periodicals, journals, maps, photographs, audio-

recordings, web pages, websites, portals

2. Tacit: Tacit knowledge is the knowledge that is

available from experience and insight, not in a
recorded form, but in our heads and intuition.

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5.
5. Explicit
Explicit and
and Tacit:
Tacit: Differences
Differences
Documented information Know-how & learning embedded
that can facilitate action. within the minds people.

Explicit knowledge Tacit (Implicit) knowledge

1. Formal or codified 1. Informal and un-codified

2. Documents: reports, 2. Values, perspectives &

policy manuals, white
papers, standard culture
procedures

3. Databases 3. Knowledge in heads

4. Books, magazines, 4. Memories of staff, suppliers

journals (library) and vendors

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6.
6. Concept
Concept of
of Knowledge
Knowledge Management
Management
1. There are two general types of information, explicit
and tacit.
“I know
that’s what
2. Tacit and Explicit Knowledge often conflict. the manual
says, but this
is how we
really do it”

3. Not all information is valuable. The explosion

of
communication
modalities
means that you
4. Need to recognize how people need a triage
function.
communicate and share information
and knowledge People know more than what
they say, and they say more
than what they write down.

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7.
7. Benefits
Benefits of
of KM
KM

1. Leveraging core business competencies

2. Accelerating innovation and time to market
3. Improving cycle times and decision making
4. Strengthening organizational commitment
5. Building sustainable competitive advantage

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8.
8. Forces
Forces driving
driving KM
KM

1. Increasing Domain Complexity

2. Accelerating Market Volatility
3. Intensified Speed of Responsiveness
4. Diminishing Individual Experience

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9.
9. Intellectual
Intellectual Capital:
Capital: Types
Types
1. Human capital
 The body of knowledge the company possesses
 Knowledge in the minds of Microsoft and Yahoo’s software
developers, researchers, academic collaborators, business
managers, …
 Also, knowledge in the minds of vendors and customers

2. Structural capital

 Everything that remains after the employees go home

 Copyrights, customer files, business process software, databases,
software manuals, trademarks, organizational structures, …
 In other words, organizational capability

 Intellectual capital is ubiquitous – but there are still no standard

tools to manage it as an asset!

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10.
10. Knowledge
Knowledge Management
Management System
System
Cycle
Cycle
1. Creates knowledge through
new ways of doing things Creat
e

2. Identifies and captures new

knowledge
Captur
Knowledg
e e
3. Places knowledge into context
so it is usable

4. Stores knowledge in
repository
Refine
Disseminat
e

5. Reviews for accuracy and

relevance

6. Makes knowledge available at

all times to anyone Manage Store

7. Disseminated knowledge
becomes tacit to become
explicit again in the cycle.
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