ADHESIVES

Prepared By: -
Lt Vineeta
 ADHESIVES
• Adhesive is a substance used for sticking
two unlike bodies together, due to molecular
forces existing in the area of contact.
• All adhesives either contain polymers, or
polymers are formed within the adhesive
bond.
• The development of adhesives has continued over the centuries to
meet the requirements of various civilizations, it was not until the
industrial revolution that demands were made for major advances in
adhesive technology.
 DEVELOPMENT OF ADHESIVE STRENGTH
• By Chemical Reaction: The reactive low molecular weight of
thermosetting adhesives are converted by chemical reaction
into high molecular weight cross linked three-dimensional
polymers with high bond strength.
• By Solvent Evaporation: The adhesive is dissolved or
dispersed in a solvent and applied to the surfaces to be
bonded and they are brought in contact with each other. The
solvent gets evaporated and thereby gelling and finally
hardening takes place leading to strong bonding between the
surfaces.
•
 DEVELOPMENT OF ADHESIVE STRENGTH
• By Pressure Application: Tacky substances in solvent-
free form adhere spontaneously to the surfaces of
most materials, only under pressure
• By Cooling: Thermoplastic materials are applied to the
adherend surfaces in a molten and hot condition
which on cooling solidifies developing bonding
strength
PHYSICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHESIVE ACTION
• Smoothness of the Adherend Surfaces: For wood
surfaces smoothness of the surfaces adds to the
bonding strength of adhesives.
• Surface Tension: The bonding between the surfaces is
better when the surfaces can be adhesives uniformly
wetted by the adhesive sol which is guided by the
interfacial tension between the two. When this
tension becomes minimum, the surface is better
wetted.
PHYSICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHESIVE ACTION
• Thickness of the Adhesive Film: Very viscous adhesives
produce thick film but do not wet the surfaces properly
leaving many voids and hence the bonding becomes weak.
This bond strength can be improved by applying pressure.
• Physical characters of the adhesive film: The bonding
strength of the adhesive film is influenced by the following
physical characteristics of the film.
PHYSICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHESIVE ACTION
• Tensile Strength, Shear Strength and Compressive
Strength of the Film: These three characteristics
influence the bonding strength in a positive way.
• Difference in Thermal Coefficients of Expansion of
Adherends and Adhesive: When this difference is high
the bonding strength weakens under temperature
variations.
CHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHESIVE ACTION
• Degree of Polymerization: Bond strength of the
adhesive is affected by the extent of polymerization of
the monomers.
• Polarity of Adhesives: For organic contacting surfaces
polar-group containing adhesives provide better bond
strength than non-polar adhesives.
CHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHESIVE ACTION

• Complexity of the Adhesive Molecule:

Complexity and chain length influence the
adhesive action.
• Effect of Ph: Strong acids and strong alkalies
affect the bond strength of adhesives
negatively.