SOCIOLOGY

&
ANTHROPOL
Chapter 3
OGY
SOCIALIZATION
 SOCIALIZATION
 Socialization – as the process
through which a person acquires
the behavior and skills that are
essential for social existence.
- Perrucci (1983)
 SOCIALIZATION
 Socialization occurs when a
person has learned to develop
his potential and has adapted
to his society and culture in
order to exist.
 SOCIALIZATION
 Social Process – refers to the
repetitive forms of behavior;
 Social Interaction – is the form
of action and reaction through
which people and organizations
relate to one another.
 SOCIALIZATION
 Socialization encourages desirable
behavior and discourages
objectionable acts.
 But what is desirable and
undesirable?
 It is in this query where socio-cultural
diversity comes into the picture.
 SOCIALIZATION
 Some culture vary from one
society to another.
 What is allowed behavior in one
may be unacceptable in another
culture.
 For example:
 SOCIALIZATION
 Drinking alcohol is an accepted
social practice in most cultures
but not in Fundamentalist Islamic
countries like Iran and Saudi
Arabia.
 Polygamy is allowed in almost all
Muslim states but not in most of
Christian societies.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS
Attachment Behavior
 In infancy predicts later his or her
social development.
 Infants become attached to their
parents and caregivers not because
they are satisfy or gratify biological
needs but because they are
comfortable, familiar and responsive.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS
 Children who develop a positive
self-image, a happy disposition,
and a self-reliance may have been
nurtured by parents or caregivers
 who are either permissive nor
strict, disciplinarian, allowing their
children a sense of respect and
control.
 Feral Children
 However, it is nearly impossible to in
this age of modern technology and
communication that we can still
experience the phenomenon of feral
children.
 Feral Children – Those whose mental,
physical and social growth have been
cut off because of being reared in
total or isolated from other humans.
Theories on the Self and Socialization
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
 He was an American social psychologist who
believed that self is essentially a social
structure and it arises in social experience.
 Its unique combination of the roles and
individual play in relation to others.
 It is the complex blending individual
motivations and socially desirable responses.
Theories on the Self and Socialization
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
 The self consist of an “I” which is the
active side and as object, called “me,”
 Infants according to Mead begin with
no self, as they learn to use the
language and other symbols, the self
emerges through play which involves
taking the roles of significant others.
Theories on the Self and Socialization
Charles Cooley (1864-1929)
 Looking Glass Self is a term for a self-
concept that is based upon how we
think we appear to others.
 He used sociological perspective to
look first at smaller units such as
family and friends.
Theories on the Self and Socialization
Charles Cooley (1864-1929)
 Looking Glass Self is a term for a He
then observed that these help in
shaping the individuals’ belief, ideas
values and social nature.
 Through the looking Glass process,
an individual can see himself
according to how people see him.
Theories on the Self and Socialization
Erving Goffman (1922-1982)
 He attempted to show that certain social
processes modify the presentation of the
self.
 He compared the behavior of individuals
in society to acting on stage and
maintains that everyone is consciously
playing a role.
Theories on the Self and Socialization
Erving Goffman (1922-1982)
 He use the analogy of the theater
to focus on the minor dramas of
everyday life.
 He developed the dramaturgical
perspective where role playing is
the foundation of the said theory.
 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
 Mass Media
 Government/Politics
 Family  Peer Groups
 School
 Work Place
 Church
 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
 FAMILY – as the primary unit of
society, the family is the first
teacher of the basic values (love,
morality, justice, freedom,
consciousness, etc) in every
individual’s life.
 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
 SCHOOL – as the second home of
children perpetuates the correct
values, norms and other social
standards that are beneficial to
both the individual and society
during the teaching-learning
process.
 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

 WORK PLACE – every job or

employment has its attendant
rules and regulations on
harmonious socialization and
interaction among employer
and employees.
 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
 CHURCH – all religions promotes
not only the spiritual welfare of
its members but also foster their
harmonious relation with their
fellowmen, or what they call
“fellowship” for the brotherhood
of men.
 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
 MASS MEDIA – print and broadcast
media help in the socialization
process as a link for people of even
diverse creed, ethnicity, ideology,
etc to understand better their
individual and respective aspiration
and differences.
 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
 GOVERNMENT/POLITICS –
Aristotle once said that man is a
political animal.
 Political socialization helps individuals
to develop public awareness of social
issues and concerns, which will make
them responsible and civic – minded
citizens of our republic.
 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
 PEER GROUPS – members of peer
groups have common interests and
persuasions, social position and age.
 Peer group arises from the individual’s
need to belong.
 Peer pressure produces nonconformity
that may be prejudicial to an individual
member in relation to society.
SOCIALIZATION and SOCIAL INTERACTION
 The present social interaction
and socialization process
dictate that social status
through;
 Money, power, economic
means, and convenience and
security.
 SOCIALIZATION
 Prostitutes and drug dealers
deviate from social norms
and behave like that because
they have “social roles” to do
for their family such as
“being a provider” or a
helper.”
 SOCIALIZATION
 In a utilitarian open society such as the
Philippines, social roles and material
rewards may be assured and achieved
for some people.
 With this, many are losers and only
few are winners,
 while the rest are exploited as
individuals in a dog eat dog
environment.
Guys ako lang ‘to