BECOMING A

MEMBER OF THE
SOCIETY
LESSON 3
 Socialization
 Agents of Socialization
 Statuses and Roles
SOCIALIZATI
ON
TOPIC 1
 WHAT IS

SOCIALIZATION?
It is the lifelong social experience by which
people develop their human potential and learn
culture.
Social experience is also the foundation of
personality, a person’s fairly consistent patterns
of acting, thinking and feeling (Macionis 2012:
 Three Goals of
Socialization:
1. Socialization teaches impulse control and
helps individuals develop a conscience.
2. Socialization teaches individuals how to
prepare for and perform certain social roles.
3. Socialization cultivates shared sources of
meaning and value.
There are many theories on how the self, as a
product of socialization, is formed.
Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud (1856–
1939)
Freud’s model of personality
combined basic needs and the
influence of society into a model
of personality with three parts: id,
ego, and superego.
Id – represents as the human being’s basic
drives, or biological and physical needs
Superego - refers to the cultural values
and norms internalized by an individual
Ego - is, thus, a person’s conscious efforts
to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives
(id) with the demands of society
 Piaget’s Theory of
Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget (1896–1980)
Piaget is a Swiss psychologist who
centered his thoughts on child
development to human cognition.
 The Four Stages of Human Cognitive
Stage OneDevelopment
The Sensorimotor
Stage
First two years of life
The level of human
development at which
individuals know the world
only through the five senses;
seeing, touching, feeling,
 Stage Two
The Preoperational
Stage
 About age two to
seven.
 They first use
language and other
symbols.
 Stage three
The Concrete Operational
Stage
Between the ages of seven
and eleven.
Wherein individuals first
see causal connections in
their surroundings.
 Stage Four
The Formal Operational
Stage

About age twelve

Wherein individuals think
abstractly and critically.
 Mead’s Theory of the
Self
George
Mead theorizedHerbert Mead
that the self just like
personality is very much influenced by
(1863–1931)
socialization.
He viewed the self as a part of an individual’s
personality composed of self-awareness and
self-image.
The self, according to Mead is only possible
through man’s social experiences.
 Looking Glass Self
Charles Horton Cooley
(1864–1929)
 Cooley used the phrase looking-glass self to
mean a self-image based on how we think
others see us.
 As we interact with others, the people
around us become a mirror (an object that
people used to call a “looking glass”) in
which we can see ourselves.
 What we think of ourselves, then, depends
on how we think others see us.
AGENTS OF
SOCIALIZAT
ION
TOPIC 2
 FAMILY
 It is where the process of
socialization begins.
 Family is their first source through
which they commence their social
communication.
 As a child, a person learns to see and
interpret himself and society through
the eyes and understanding of his
parents and other elders of the family.
 PEERS
A peer group is a group of people
of approximately the same age,
sharing similar interests and
probably belonging to similar
backgrounds.
Peers help a person experience
things beyond what his/her family
allows.
 SCHOO
L
In this institution, an average
person spends most of his/her
young life.
In school, he/she meets
different types of people with
varying beliefs, cultural
orientations, attitudes, and the
 RELIGI
ON
It is one of the most
powerful agents of
socialization which is
linked with concepts and
values people identify
themselves with.
GOVERN
MENT
It is an indirect agent of
socialization.
This means, though we do
not come in contact with the
institution directly, it does
have an impact on our social
life and well-being.
 MASS
MEDIA
Is the strongest and
the most argued
indirect agent of
socialization.
 STATUSES
AND ROLES
TOPIC 2
STATUS
 It refers a social position that a person holds.

ASCRIBED
STATUS
 It is a social position a person receives at birth or
takes on involuntarily later in life.
ACHIEVED
STATUS
 refers to a social position a person takes on
voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort.
 Achieved statuses include honors student, athlete,
nurse, software writer, and thief.

ROLE
 It refers to behavior expected of someone who
holds a particular status.
 Y
AND
DEVIANCE
LESSON 4
WHAT IS
CONFORMITY?
 It the process whereby people change their
beliefs, attitudes, actions, or perceptions to more
closely match those held by groups to which they
belong or want to belong or by groups whose
approval they desire.
It takes the form if overt social pressure or
subtler, unconscious influence.
 WHAT IS

DEVIANCE?
It is the behavior that violates expected rules and
norms.
According to Sociologist Howard S. Becker, “it
is not the act itself that makes an action deviant,
but rather how society reacts to it.”
Thank you!
ASSIGNMENT 2
Activity 4: Agents of Socialization (INQUIRY BASED –
CONSTRUCTIVISM APPROACH)
INSTRUCTION: If you are to list in order of importance the many
socialization agents in your life, how would your list look like? Use the
table below to construct your list. In column B, try to identify the most
critical influence each exerted on you and give an example of this
influence. (Individual activity)
A: Socialization Agent B: Key Influence and
Example