EDUCATION - A lifelong process

SOCIALIZATION- A continuous process of

learning.
Three levels of life identified by social scientists:
 Vegetative level – refers to the embryo and early
infancy. This stage characterized by
preoccupation with food. Its main though is
SURVIVAL.
 Animal level- characterized by desires for sex and
reproduction. In this stage, man is no different from
animals in his desire for FOOD and SEX.
 Human level– the attainment of a personality we
refer to as a “human being”. He becomes a
“PERSON” as differentiated from the term
“individual”.
Individual – one who has not yet been
socialized.

Person – one who has absorbed and

internally organized his culture.
 Socialization, then, is the process of entering the
human group, of being inducted… into the
secrets of society. It is the process in which a
number of minor miracles occur; the animal
becomes a human being, sheer behavior is
transformed into conduct, the individual as an
organic unit becomes a person, self-aware and
able to guide his conduct in terms of increasingly
subtle cues that signal other’s expectations.
(Wilson, 1975:92)
 At the start of life there is no self. What
exist is only physical organism. As the
infant grows, it feels out his body, shape
and learning where its body ends and
other things begin. Then he recognize
people and learns how to tell them
apart. (Meade, 1934:140-141
 The looking-glass of self – process of
discovering the self from the reactions of
others. (Cooley, 1902)
 Process of discovering the self based on:
1. Understanding of how we look to others
2. The notion of the way in which others
judge the image that we think they
perceive;
3. The interpretation of the importance
and meaning of the judgments of
others.
(Espiritu, 1977:61)
 Inadequate parental role models,
 Or rejects those he has
 Pictures his father as brutal, overbearing,
remote and unsymphatetic
 In some cases, homosexuality may result
from the parent’s attempt to satisfy their
desire for the sex of the child they want.
(Espiritu, 1977:89-90)
School
 Serves in transmitting the culture of the
group, its values, language, literature,
history, arts, music, religious and ethical
beliefs;

 A sense of what is proper and improper

in interpersonal relations values
 Encourage group participation

 Teaches conflicting values like

competition and cooperation

 Social responsibility, humanism

Communication
-“The process through which a set of
meanings embodied in a message is
conveyed to a person/s in such a way
that the meaning received are
equivalent to those which the initiator
of the message intended” (Lundberg,
1963:200)
-communicating thoughts and ideas
Language
-the only way we can transmit culture
through the learning process.

-not limited to words; equally

significant are the gestures, tone and
inflection of voice, symbols and
behavior for communicating
messages.
Kinesics
– A system of communication through
motion or using patterns of postures, facial
expressions and body motions.
 STATUS

The position a person occupies in

society by virtue of his age, sex, birth,
marriage, occupation or
achievement. (Merrill, 1969:13)
Two principal Forms of Status:

1. Ascribed Status – position is assigned to

an individual without reference to his
innate differences and abilities.
2. Achieved Status- requires special
qualities.
 ROLE

Refers to the part the individual is

expected to play in his social group.
Social Failure

-Cannot perform according to

expectation, then he has not adjusted to
his social environment.
SOCIAL CONTROL

- People are led to fill their expected

roles
SOCIAL ORDER

-Takes place because people follow

what is expected of them
 SOCIAL SOCIAL
SOCIETY
CONTROL ORDER
Social Pressure

-Individuals act, behave, talk and think in

practically the same way.
Internalization

- Making an attitude a part of one’s

automatic