Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 10
Fluid Machinery

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 Main Topics
 Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines
 Turbomachinery Analysis
 Performance Characteristics
 Applications to Fuid Systems

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Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines
 Positive Displacement
 Turbomachines
• Radial-Flow (Centrifugal)
• Axial-Flow
• Mixed-Flow

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Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines

 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

• Pumps
• Fans
• Blowers
• Compressors

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Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines

 Machines for Extracting Work (Power)

from a Fluid
• Hydraulic Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)
• Gas Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines
 Machines for Extracting Work (Power)
from a Fluid

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 Turbomachinery Analysis
The Angular Momentum Principle

Apply to Control
Volume:

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 Turbomachinery Analysis
Euler Turbomachine Equation

Mechanical Power:

Theoretical Head:

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 Turbomachinery Analysis
Velocity Diagrams

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 Turbomachinery Analysis
Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump

• Negligible torque due to surface forces (viscous and pressure).

• Inlet and exit flow tangent to blades.
• Uniform flow at inlet and exit.
• Zero inlet tangential velocity

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 Turbomachinery Analysis
 Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump
(Continued)

Head Equation:

Shutoff Head:

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 Turbomachinery Analysis
 Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump
(Continued)

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 Turbomachinery Analysis
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

Hydraulic Power:

Pump Efficiency:

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 Turbomachinery Analysis
 Machines for Extracting Work (Power)
from a Fluid
Hydraulic Power:

Turbine Efficiency:

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 Performance Characteristics
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

 Performance Characteristics
 Machines for Extracting Work (Power)
from a Fluid

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

 Performance Characteristics
 Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Flow Coefficient:

Head Coefficient:

Power Coefficient:

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 Performance Characteristics

 Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Torque Coefficient:

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 Performance Characteristics
 Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Specific Speed:

Specific Speed
(Customary Units):

Specific Speed
(Customary Units):
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 Performance Characteristics
 Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

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 Performance Characteristics
 Similarity Rules

For Dynamic Similarity:

… and …

… so …

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

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 Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pump Wear

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 Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pumps in Series

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 Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pumps in Parallel

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 Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

 Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

 Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

 Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Positive-Displacement Pumps

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 Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Propellers

Speed of Advance Coefficient:

Thrust, Torque, Power Coefficients, and Propeller Efficiency

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 Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid
• Hydraulic Turbines
• Wind-Power Machines

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