POMPA SENTRIFUGAL

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2. Suatu pompa air sentrifugal mempunyai jari-jari impeler sisi
masuk 37,5 mm dan jari-jari sisi keluar 150 mm. Lebar sudu
dianggap sama dari sisi masuk hingga keluar sebesar 12,7 mm.
Pompa beroperasi pada putaran 1750 rpm dan laju aliran 4,25
liter/detik. Pompa menggunakan sudu backward dengan sudut sudu
sisi keluar 600. hitung :
a. Sudut sudu sisi masuk
b. Head total
c. Daya hidrolik (daya yang dipindahkan ke fluida)
d. Bila efisiensi hidrolik pompa dan efisiensi mekanik pompa
berturut-turut 80% dan 90%. Hitung daya listrik yang diperlukan.

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 Turbomachinery Analysis
 Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump
(Continued)

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 Pump
HEad

Hsis = HS+ hL
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 Turbomachinery Analysis
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

Hydraulic Power:

Pump Efficiency:

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 Pump Losses

 Mechanical Friction Loss (6-8%)

 Disc Friction Loss (4-5%)
 Leakage & Recirculation Power Loss (1.5-2%)
 Casing Power Loss (4-5%)

Pump efficiency

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 Performance Characteristics
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

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Head Capacity Curve

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 H-Q Characteristic
 Stall
• Flow discontinuity within pump that
causes a discontinuity in pump
characteristic at constant speed

 Surge
• Instability when the system
characteristic reacts with a positive
sloping pump characteristic

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Putaran Spesifik

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 Separation and Stall

Jet and wake observed in each impeller passage. The eddying

wake is seen on the suction side of the channel from Fischer
and Thoma, 1932

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Vertical Turbine Pump
Performance Curve

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Horizontal Centrifugal Pump Performance Curve

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NPSH &
Kavitasi

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 Net Positive Suction
Head

NPSH
REQUIRED

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NPSH Available

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NPSH Available

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 Atmospheric Pressure at Various Altitudes

Altitude (feet) Absolute Pressure(psi) Absolute Pressure(ft)

0 14.7 34.0
500 14.4 33.3
1000 14.2 32.8
1500 13.9 32.2
2000 13.7 31.6
2500 13.4 31.0
3000 13.2 30.5
3500 12.9 29.8
4000 12.7 29.4
5000 12.2 28.2
6000 11.8 27.3
7000 11.3 26.2
8000 10.9 25.2
9000 10.5 24.3
10,000 10.1 23.4

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 Vapor Pressure at Various Temperatures

Temperature 0F Vapor Pressure (Feet)

50 0.4
60 0.6
70 0.8
80 1.2
90 1.6
100 2.2
110 3.0
130 5.2
150 8.7
170 14.2
190 22.3
210 34.0

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 NPSHr
 NPSHr is a pump characteristic
(increases as Q increases)
 If NPSHa > NPSHr:
Design is OK
 If NPSHa < NPSHr:
Cavitation will be a problem

(good idea to have a factor of

safety)

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 Performance Characteristics
 Machines for Extracting Work (Power)
from a Fluid

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 Performance Characteristics
 Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Flow Coefficient:

Head Coefficient:

Power Coefficient:

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 Performance Characteristics

 Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Torque Coefficient:

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 Performance Characteristics
 Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Specific Speed:

Specific Speed
(Customary Units):

Specific Speed
(Customary Units):
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 Performance Characteristics
 Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

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 Performance Characteristics
 Similarity Rules

For Dynamic Similarity:

… and …

… so …

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pump Wear

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pumps in Series

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pumps in Parallel

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Positive-Displacement Pumps

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Propellers

Speed of Advance Coefficient:

Thrust, Torque, Power Coefficients, and Propeller Efficiency

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Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Extracting Work (Power)
from a Fluid
• Hydraulic Turbines
• Wind-Power Machines

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