LESSON 14

Maximizing the Use of

the Overhead
Projector and the
Chalkboard
“ Indeed, in no... country have I ever
seen a good school without a
blackboard, or a successful teacher
who did not used it frequently.”
- Horace Mann,
noted American educator
THE
CHALKBOARD
CHALKBOARD
- Once called blackboards, they now come in a variety
of size, shapes, and colors .
-These are the most common similar device used by
the teachers and student to present data.
-A useful aids for presenting and explaining ideas,
getting feedback from the class, and drawing graphics,
such as sketches and diagram
- A good chalkboard should be within the reach of the
learners. The height of the board from the board be at
most 28 inches for Grades I-II; 32 inches for Grades III-
IV; 36 inches for Grades V-VI.
THE CHALKBOARD
1. Write clearly and legibly on the board.
2. It helps if you have a hard copy of your chalkboard
diagram or outline.
3. Don't crowd your notes on the board.
4. Make use of colored chalk to highlight key points.
5. Do not turn your back to your class while you write
on the chalkboard.
6. For the sake of order and clarity, start to write from
the left side of the board going right.
7. If you teach the Grades and you think the lines on
the chalkboard are needed for writing exercise, then
provide the lines for your board.
8. Look at your board work from all corners of the room
to test if the pupils from all side of the room can read
your board work.
9. If there is glare on the chalkboard at certain times of
the day, a certain on the window may solve the
problem.
10.If you need to replace your chalkboard or if you are
having a new classroom with a new chalkedboard
suggest to the carpenter to mount the chalkboard a
little concave from left to right to aviod glare for the
pupils' benefit.
11.If you need to have a board work in advance or that
need to be saved for tommorrow's use (say a quizz
or a sophisticated diagram) write “Please Save” and
cover the same with a certain.
12.Make full use of the chalkboard.
CHALKBOARD TECHNIQUES
A. Sharpen your chalk to good line quality.
B. Stand with your elbow high. Move along as you
write.
C. Use dots as “aiming points”. This keeps writing
level.
D. Make all writing or printing between 2 and 3 inches
high for legibility.
E. When using colored chalk, use soft chalk so that it
can be erased easily.
EXHIBITS
• Are display of various objects and visuals design to form
an integrated whole for instructional purposes.
• There are two types of exhibits;
1. DISPLAYS.
Is an array of objects, visuals, and printed materials.
Most displays include descriptive information about the
object of visuals shown.
2. DIODRAMAS.
Comes form the Greek words di meaning “thought” and
orama meaning “that which is seen , a sight.”
MULTI-PURPOSE BOARD
– Can also called a white boards or marker boards.
The smooth, white plastic surface requires a
erasable marker rather than chalk.
– a multi-purpse board can be used in many
purposes.
– the white surface are suitable for projection of
films,and overhead transparencies.
MULTI-PURPOSE BOARD AS TEACHING
AID
ADVANTAGES
1. Multi-purpose boards share most advantages with
chalkboards.
2. Bright, colorful lines could be displayed using multi-
purpose boards.
3. Multi-purpose boards are dustless, so there is no
chalk to get on the clothes or to irritate persons.
4. Multi-purpose boards are preferred for rooms with
computers since chalk dust could harm computer
units.
LIMITATION
1. As marker will be used for multi-purpose boards, the
problem of maintenance of marker and ink for
markers comes in.
2. Writings when left overnight could be difficult to
erase and such could affect visibility.
3. Markers when left with caps pen can easily dry up.
The scent of a markers could also irritate the person.
UTILIZATION GUIDELINES
1. A soft damp cloth could be used to clean amulti-
purpose board.
2. Care for markers should be ensured especially after
using and storing so us not to dry out.
3. Like the chalkboards, multi-purpose boards should
be used in conjunction with other instructional
media.
4. When writings, hold the marker properly parallel to
the surface so that it does not make a scratching or
squeaking noise.
BULLETIN BOARDS
Usually present brief news announcements of urgent
interest posted for public notice. Just like chalkboards, they
come in a various size, shapes, and colors .
- however it can also serve as instructional aids.
-they could provide decoration and motivation aside from
instruction.
-decoration are done during school affairs or school
celebrations.
-displays topics which are not given emphasis in daily class
sessions.
BULLETIN BOARDS AS TEACHING AID
ADVANTAGES
1. Bulletin boards can lend visual stimulation. They also
stimulate student's creativity and interest.
2. Bulletin board provide students with additional learning.
3. Preview of the lesson to be presented can be illustrated
in the bulletin boards to motivate students.
4. Bulletin boards add to an effective classroom
atmosphere.
5. Displays in bulletin boards can allow many students to
browse contents at the same time.
LIMITATIONS

1. Materials in the buletin board could easily fade or fall

down.
2. Bulletin boards tends to be overcrowded.
3. Preparation of bulletin boards can be time consuming
and expensive.
4. Materials to be used in the bulletin board could not be
available.
OTHER FORMS OF DISPLAY SURFACES;
1. PEGBOARD
This is used to hold heavy
objects, three-dimensional
materials and visuals.
Special metal hooks and
holders can be inserted into
the pegboard to hold books,
paper and other objects.
2. CLOTH BOARD This board is constructed
of cloth stretched over sturdy
backing materials such as
plywood or heavy cardboard.
3. MAGNETIC BOARD
This serve same purpose
of with the cloth board.
Visuals are backed with
magnets and then placed on
the metal surface of the
board.
4. FLIP BOARD
This a pad of paper fastened together at the top and
mounted on an easel. Individual sheets of the flip board
each hold a limited verbal/visual message and can be
arranged for sequential presentation to a
small group.
THE OVERHEAD
PROJECTOR
(OHP)
THE OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
(OHP)
There are other kinds of projector like opaque
projector and slide projector. The overhead projector
seems more available in schools.
 OPAQUE PROJECTOR

 SLIDE PROJECTOR
BROWN (1969) cities the folowing:
 The projector itself is simple to operate.
 The overhead projector is used in the front of the room by
the instructor, and has a complete control of the
sequence, timing, and manipulation of his material.
 Facing his class and observing student reactions, the
instructor can guide his audience, control its attention,
and regulate the flow of information in the presentation.
 The projected image behind the instructor can be as large
as necessary for all in the audience to see ; it is clear and
bright, even in fairly well- lightened rooms.
OVERHEAD PROJECTION
TECHENIQUES
 You can show pictures and diagrams, using a pointer on
the transparency to direct attention to a details.
 You can used a felt pen or wax-based pencils to add
details or to make points on the transparency during the
projection.
 You can control the rate of presenting information by
covering a transparency with a sheet of paper or
cardboard.
Other reminnders on the use of the OHP
• Stand off to one side of the OHP while you face the
students.
• Don't talk to the screen. Face the students when you talk,
not the screen.
• Place the OHP to your right, if you are right handed, and
to your left, if you are left handed.
• Place the OHP on a table low enough so that it does not
block you or the screen.
• Have the top of the screen tilted forward, toward th OHP
to prevent the “keystone effect”(where the top of the
screen is larger than the bottom).
• Avoid the mistake of including too much details on each
image. A simple layout makes an effective slide.
• Avoid large tables of figures. Come up with graphic
presentation.
• Don't read the text on your slide. Your audience can read.
• Avoid too much text. Rely sparingly on printed text. Come
up with more graphs, charts, diagrams or pictures.
• Your presentation must be readable from afar. Simple use
of color can add effective emphasis.
We can learn from the experiences from others.
Brown (1969) enumeratees effective practices.
 In primary grades
 In English composition lessons
 In Arithmetic
 In Geometry and Trigonometry
 In Pyhsical Education and team training
 In Home room activities
 In Primary reading class
 In Art classes
 In Science
 In Social Studies
SUMMING UP
Among all instructional equipment, the
chalkboard is most available. The overhead projector
is another versatile equipment that is quite common
today. By learning how to use them properly and in
an expensive way we are able to realize our
instructional objectives. There are techniques of
using the chalkboard and OHP proven to be effective
by practitioners. Adopting them in our teaching spells
and visual and lasting learning for our students.
PS Postscript- The OHP is a Versatile Tool
The OHP is needed a very versatile
equipment. with your prepared transparencies
you can do so much in so short a time. You
save much time when you present your lecture
on transparencies instead of writing these notes
or drawing naively on the chalkboard.
THANK YOU