Lab-06

Fluid Mechanics-I
Measurement of Density and
Specific Gravity of Liquids
Why Measuring Density and Specific
Gravity of Liquids

1. Density helps us better understand how to transport fluids

2. Newtonian /Single point Viscometer

 Specific Gravity
1. Specific Gravity  is a dimensionless unit, defined for liquids as "the ratio of the density of

the substance to the density of water at a specified temperature".

2. The symbol most often used for Specific gravity is SG

3. If a substance's relative density is less than one then it is less dense than the reference; if
greater than 1 then it is denser than the reference. If the relative density is exactly 1 then
the densities are equal; that is, equal volumes of the two substances have the same
mass

4. Formula of Specific gravity of liquid is

SG =Density of Liquid/Density of Water= Scale Reading of Hydrometer

Density
1. The density (more precisely, the volumetric mass density; also known as specific

mass), of a substance is its mass per unit volume

2. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho)

3. Density can be changed by changing either the pressure or the temperature

4. Increasing the pressure always increases the density of a material

5. Increasing the temperature generally decreases the density

6. The effect of pressure and temperature on the densities of liquids and solids is small

7. Formula of the Density are

ρ(Liquid) = Mass/Unit Volume = ρ(water) *S.G(Liquid)

Hydrometer

1. A hydrometer is an instrument used for measuring the densities and relative density

of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy (Archimedes Principle ).

2. A hydrometer usually consists of a sealed hollow glass tube with a wider bottom

portion for buoyancy, a ballast such as lead or mercury for stability, and a narrow

stem with graduations for measuring.

Experimental Setup
Experimental Procedure
Readings And Calculations
Density Of Liquid
Hydrometer Scale Reading ρ(Liquid) = ρ(water) *S.G(Liquid)
Liquid = Kilogram/Cubic Meter
Specific Gravity(S.G)

Water 1 1000

Engine Oil 0.89 890

Glycerol 1.25 1250

Castrol Oil 0.95 950

Any Question??
Thanks