The Density of Sintering

Purpose

- Understanding the importance of the Density of Sintering.

- As a guide to determine the density of Sintering.
What is “Sintering”
Sintering is a process of solid particles bond together with the forces between atoms (Atomic Force)
are generally used metal powder extrusion. Then baked at high temperature but below the melting point of
the metal. The most common metals used to produce solid metal with a high melting point. And in the heat
of this match. Cobalt powder that acts as a coordinating to the greasy metal powder to cling together tightly.
For instance, the Young's Modulus 𝐸𝑛 of sintered iron powders remains insensitive to sintering time,
alloying, or particle size in the original powder, but depends upon the density of the final product:
𝐸𝑛 Τ𝐸 = (𝐷 Τ𝑑)3.4
Where 𝐷 is the density, 𝐸 is Young's modulus and 𝑑 is the maximum density of iron.

Metal Powder Compaction Sintering

*The Sintering some work may be done up to two times for the efficient operation better. The hardness,
strength, stress, and higher density.
Density
Density is the unique properties of a substance. that means The little substance, whether it is small
or large. The density of a substance that is always constant.
𝐷 = Density ( 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3)
The formula 𝐷 = 𝑚/𝑣 𝑚 = Mass (𝑔)
𝑣 = Volume (𝑐𝑚3 )
The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. This variation is typically small for
solids and liquids but much greater for gases. Increasing the pressure on an object decreases the
volume of the object and thus increases its density. Increasing the temperature of a substance.
Archimedes' principle
“Any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by
a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.”
𝐵 = ⍴𝑉𝑔
𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 ∶ 𝐵 = 𝐹
⍴𝑉𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔 ⦁⦁⦁ ⍴ = 𝑚/𝑉
⍴𝑉 = 𝑚
Buoyancy = weight of displaced fluid.
Table sample density of different substances.
Solid Density Fluid Density Table shows a sample density of different
(Kg/m³) (Kg/m³) substances to see that all three states will have a
Styrofoam 0.005 Hydrogen 0.00009 greater density than most solid, liquid and gas. And in
gaseous compounds are less dense than solids and
Cork 0.24 Helium 0.0002
gases. We may have a density of any substance is the
Ice 0.92 Air 0.0013 relative density by the relative density of any substance
Salt 2.16 Oxygen 0.0014 defined as the ratio between the density of the
Aluminum 2.70 Carbon 0.002 substance to the density of reference materials which
dioxide use water with a density of 1.000 x 10³ kg / m³
Iron 7.87 Ethyl 0.79
alcohol
Nickel 8.90 Machine oil 0.90 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
Copper 8.92 Water 1.00
Lead 11.34 Sea water 1.03 •
• • 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
Gold 19.32 Mercury 13.55
To measure the density of sintering
Calculation

𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑣ρ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑔

𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 𝑚𝑔

𝑚
Density of material (ρ) equation; ρ = 𝑣 ρ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1 𝑔/𝑐𝑚³
𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 − 𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑣= ρ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑔

𝑚 𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 ρ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑔 𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 ρ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

ρ= = =
𝑣 𝑔 𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 −𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 −𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟
••• ρ=
𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 − 𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
Equipment

Laboratory Balance Weight Scale Beaker glass Thin wire

Tongs Wipers Hot air blower

Procedure
- Blow dry specimens to displace water or oil in the part.
- Weigh the part and record data (m).
- Weighing beaker filled with water and set 0.
- Weighing part in water using a thin wire. (wait for the water to the part until the stops)
- Moving the part out to mop water.
- Weighing beaker filled with water and set 0 again.
- Weighing part in water using a thin wire and record data (v).
- Calculation ⍴ = 𝑚/𝑣

caution
Be careful weight not over limit balance weight scales.
Be careful not to weigh the bubbles because that affect the test.