Ratio and Proportion D To A

Ratio and Proportion
Grades D to A
Simplifying Value for
ratio money
Sharing in a
given ratio Simple
proportion
Hyperlinks
Direct Inverse
Graphs
proportion proportion
SUCCESS CRITERIA: WHERE ARE WE NOW?
Level Learning outcomes: R A G

C3 I can simplify a ratio to its lowest terms.
C3 I can find out how much some items are worth
given the value of a different amount.
C2 I can divide an amount into a given ratio.
D1 I can calculate proportion problems.
A2 I can calculate a formula using direct
proportion.
A1 I can calculate a formula using inverse
proportion.
Simplifying ratio
Learning Objective:
Can I simplify a ratio correctly?
Grade C

proportion.
proportion.
How to simplify ratios:
Find a multiplication table that all the numbers
in the ratio are in.
Divide by that!
Keep going until the only table that they are all
in is the 1 times table.
The values must be in the same unit!

Two examples
Example 1 Example 2
Simplify 28:42 giving your answer Write the ratio
in its simplest form. 2 hours: 40 minutes
in its lowest terms.
What multiplication table are they
in?
Convert to the same unit, in this
2, 7 and 14
case, minutes:
120 minutes: 40 minutes
Divide by the biggest one.
Answer: 2:3
Table? 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 40
You could divide by any of them
but would need to do it more than Divide by the biggest one.
once. Answer: 3:1
Some simplifying questions:
Simplify these ratios, giving your answers in its
lowest terms.
1. 25:35
2. 21:14
3. 36:48
4. 27:15 Answers:
1. 5:7
5. 5cm:1m 2. 3:2
3. 3:4
6. 1½ hours: 1 day 4. 9:5
5. 1:20
6. 1:16

proportion.
proportion.
Value for money
Learning Objective:
Can I find which item is better value using
ratio?
Grade C

proportion.
proportion.
Everyday ratio
This use of ratio shows you the best value for an
item.
Find what you get for 1 penny.
The more you get, the better value it is.

An example
My favourite brand of shampoo comes in two
different bottles. Which gives me better value?
Bottle A Bottle B
300ml 750ml
£1.29 £3.49
ml per 1p: ml per 1p:

300 ÷ 129 = 2.32558ml 750 ÷ 349 = 2.14899ml
Bottle A is better value

Which is better value?
Bar A Bar B
220g 730g
£1.24 £3.95
Answer: Bar B

proportion.
proportion.
Sharing in a given ratio
Learning Objective:
Can I share an amount in a given ratio?
Grade C

proportion.
proportion.
What do you mean “share”?
We have an amount and must share it in the
given ratio.
Each value in the ratio increases or decreases

until the total equals the amount given.
It’s a bit like equivalent fractions – easy!

Two examples
Example 1 Example 2
Share £40 in the ratio 2:3. Share £120 in the ratio 1:2:3.
Going up in multiples: Total of the ratio is 6.

2:3 = 5
4:6 = 10 6 goes into 120 twenty times.
This will take ages…
Hang on, 5 goes into 40 eight 20:40:60 = 120
times!
16:24 = 40
Answer: £20 : £40 : £60
Answer: £16 : £24

Have a go at these:
1. Share £60 in the ratio 5:1. £50:£10
2. Share £45 in the ratio 1:2. £15:£30
3. Share 32 sweets in the ratio 1:5:2. 4:20:8
4. Share 1 litre of juice in the ratio 7:3.700ml:300ml
5. Andy is 6 and Bobby is 4. They must
share £25 in the ratio of their ages.
How much does each get?
£15:£10

proportion.
proportion.
Simple Proportion
Learning Objective:
Can I calculate using the rules of proportion?
Grade D

proportion.
proportion.
What do you mean “proportion”?
This involves things such as recipes, where the
mix has to be in multiples to be correct.
It is similar to sharing in a ratio.
Everything must be multiplied or divided by the

same amount to keep all the parts in proportion.
An example:
A recipe to make 4 cup cakes requires the following
ingredients: Answer:
2 eggs 5 eggs
250g of flour 625g of flour
100g of sugar 250g of sugar
How much of each ingredient would I need to make 10 cup

cakes?
Divide 10 (the new total) by 4 (the original total).

10 ÷ 4 = 2.5
Multiply all the ingredient amounts by 2.5.
Have a go at this:
A fruit punch for 20 glasses requires the
following ingredients: Answer:
3.75 litres of orange
1 litre of orange juice 2.25 litres of apple
937.5ml of cranberry
600ml of apple juice 1.3125 litres of grapefruit
250ml of cranberry juice
350ml of grapefruit juice
I need to make enough for 75 glasses of fruit

punch. How much of each ingredient do I need?
Beware! It can work a little differently
One person can dig a 1m³ hole in 4 hours.
How long will it take 2 people? 2 hours
How long will it take 4 people? 1 hour
How long will it take 8 people? ½ hour


proportion.
proportion.
Direct Proportion
Learning Objective:
Can I find and use formulae for direct
proportion?
Grade A

proportion.
proportion.
What is “direct proportion”?
• Proportion
shows a relationship between two
sets of values.
Direct proportion means that as one value

increases, so does the other.
This sign: means “proportional to”

Direct Proportion - Notes
• Direct
proportion involves multiplying a
constant () by a variable.
• That variable could be etc.
• It would be written like this: etc.
• It would have an equation like this:
etc.
Direct Proportion Example
• is proportional to the square root of .
When is 100, is 30.
Find an equation connecting and .
Find when is 12.

Have a go at these questions:
Question 1 Question 2
• is
directly proportional to . • is directly proportional to the
When is 5, is 40. square of .
Find an equation connecting When is 3, is 36.
and . Find an equation connecting
and .
Find when is 68.

Find when is 5.

proportion.
proportion.
Inverse Proportion
Learning Objective:
Can I find and use formulae for
inverse proportion?
Grade A

proportion.
proportion.
What is “inverse proportion”?
• Proportion
shows a relationship between two
sets of values.
Inverse proportion means that as one value

increases, the other decreases.
This sign: means “proportional to”

Inverse Proportion - Notes
• Inverse
proportion involves dividing a constant
() by a variable.
• That variable could be etc.
• It would be written like this: etc.
• It would have an equation like this:
etc.
• This could be written like this:
etc.
It takes 1 person 24 days
to dig a hole…
How long would it take:

• 2 people?
• 3 people?
• 4 people?
• 48 people?
Inverse Proportion Example
• is inversely proportional to the square of .
When is 2, is 15.
Find an equation connecting and .
or
Find when is 10.

Try these two questions
Question 1 Question 2
• is inversely proportional to . •is inversely
proportional to the
When is 5, is 10. cube of .
Find an equation connecting When is 2, is 3.
and . Find an equation connecting
and .
Find when is 2.5.

Find when is 10.

proportion.
proportion.
This may come up!
Graphing proportion…
What do you think that these graphs would
look like?
•
Draw a sketch of them in your book.

Answers
𝑦= 20
𝑦=3 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦= 100
𝑦=2 𝑥 2 2
𝑥

Ratio and Proportion D To A

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Ratio and Proportion

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

The values must be in the same unit!

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Find what you get for 1 penny.

The more you get, the better value it is.

ml per 1p: ml per 1p:

Bottle A is better value

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Each value in the ratio increases or decreases

It’s a bit like equivalent fractions – easy!

Going up in multiples: Total of the ratio is 6.

Answer: £16 : £24

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

It is similar to sharing in a ratio.

Everything must be multiplied or divided by the

How much of each ingredient would I need to make 10 cup

Divide 10 (the new total) by 4 (the original total).

I need to make enough for 75 glasses of fruit

One person can dig a 1m³ hole in 4 hours.

How long will it take 2 people? 2 hours

How long will it take 4 people? 1 hour

How long will it take 8 people? ½ hour

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Direct proportion means that as one value

This sign: means “proportional to”

Find when is 12.

Find when is 68.

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Inverse proportion means that as one value

This sign: means “proportional to”

How long would it take:

Find when is 10.

Find when is 2.5.

Level Learning outcomes: R A G

Draw a sketch of them in your book.

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