MODULE 2: Ratio, Rate

and Proportion
Outline:
• Ratios!
What is a Ratio?
How to Use Ratios?
How to Simplify?
Proportions!
What is a proportion?
Properties of proportions?
How to use proportions?
• Mysterious Problems…
 What is a Ratio?
• A ratio is a comparison of two numbers.
• Ratios can be written in three different ways:
a to b
a:b
a
Because a ratio is a fraction, b can not be zero
b

Ratios are expressed in simplest form

 How to Use Ratios?
• The ratio of boys and girls in the class is
12 to11.
• The ratio of length and width of this rectangle
is 4 to 1.
4cm

1cm

.• The ratio of cats and dogs at my home is 2 to 1

 How to simplify ratios?
• The ratios we saw on last The ratio of boys and girls in the
slide were all simplified. class is 12
How was it done? 11

Ratios can be expressed

a
4
b The ratio of the rectangle is
in fraction form… a 1

b
This allows us to do math The ratio of cats and dogs in my
house is 2
on them.
1
 How to simplify ratios?
• Now I tell you I have 12 cats and 6 dogs. Can you
simplify the ratio of cats and dogs to 2 to 1?

12 12 / 6 2
= =
6 6/6 1
Divide both numerator and
denominator by their
Greatest Common Factor 6.
 More examples…
8 1 12 6
24 = 50 =
3 25
40 27 3
= 1 =
200 18 2
5

27 3
=
9 1
Write the following in simplest form.
1. Ratio of the ages of a daughter who is 12
yrs. Old and a mother who is 48 years
old.
2. Ratio of black shirts to white shirts if there
are 6 black skirts and 8 white shirts.
3. Ratio of 120 mins to 2 hours
4. Ratio of 45 days to 3 months
5. Ratio of 6068 students to 74 faculty
members
 Worded Problems
1. Liz and Beth are cousins and they have
decided to become business partners.
They have agreed that Liz will invest
P250,000 while Beth will invest
P400,000. The profit from this business
venture will be divided based on the ratio
of their investments. What is the ratio of
their distribution?
 Worded Problems
2. Current ratio is one of the ratios computed
in the financial statement analysis. It is
calculates by dividing the current assets
by the current liabilities.
What is the current ratio if a firm has
assets of P1,550,000 and current
liabilities of P1,240,000? Will the
company be able to pay its debts?
 Worded Problems
3. You and your business associate are
planning to offer your stretch slim fit
tapered jean on sale at P990. The original
price was P1,260. The cost of the jeans is
70% of the original price. What is the ratio
of the sale price to the original price in
decimal and in percent? Would this be a
good marketing plan?
 RATE
• Special ratio of two numbers with
different units of measurement
Km / h
Words/ min
Peso / hr
Gram/pack
This practice makes it difficult got
consumers to compare prices of the same
product from different manufacturers
 Examples
1. The College of Arts has 35 faculty
members that handle 1,260 students.
What is the unit rate or the number of
students per faculty member?
 Examples
2. You need paper plates for the event you
organized. You went shopping and found
these options
brand A 49.50 / 100 pcs
brand B 24.00 / 50 pcs
brand C 12.25/25 pcs
brand D 11.50 / 24 pcs
Which brand is the best buy if you need
2,000 pcs?
 Examples
3. You are required to compute for the
country’s population density. The
population of the Phils. As of Jul 1, 2014
is 101 802 706 and the land area of the
Phils. is 300 000 sq. km. Find the
population density of the Phils.
 Now, on to proportions!
What is a proportion?

a c
 A proportion is an equation
that equates two ratios
b d
The ratio of dogs and cats was 3/2
The ratio of dogs and cats now is 6/4=3/2

3 6
So we have a proportion : 
2 4
 Properties of a proportion?

3 6

2 4 Cross Product Property

2x6=12 3x4 = 12

3x4 = 2x6
 Properties of a proportion?

• Cross Product Property

a c
 ad = bc
b d
means

extremes
 Properties of a proportion?
Let’s make sense of the Cross Product Property…
For any numbers a, b, c, d:
a c a c
 d  d
b d b d
a a
d  c  d b  bc
b b

ad  bc
Properties of a proportion?
• Reciprocal Property

3 6
If 
2 4 Can you see it?
If yes, can you think
Then 2 4 of why it works?

3 6
 How about an example?
7 x
 Solve for x:
2 6
7(6) = 2x Cross Product Property

42 = 2x
21 = x
How about another example?
7 12
 Solve for x:
2 x
7x = 2(12) Cross Product Property

7x = 24
x = 24 Can you solve it
7 using Reciprocal
Property? If yes,
would it be easier?
 Can you solve this one?
7 3
 Solve for x:
x 1 x
7x = (x-1)3 Cross Product Property

7x = 3x – 3
4x = -3 Again, Reciprocal
3 Property?
x=  4
 Can you solve this one?
Find the value of the missing term in eah
proportion
a. a : 4 = 15 : 20
b. 4 : b = 24 : 18
c. 5 : 10 = c : 100
d. 7 : 8 = 14 : d
 Worded Problems
1. The population of the College of Business
Administration has increased from 1,260
to 1,440. How many additional faculty
members must be hired if 35 faculty
members are just enough for the previous
population?
 Worded Problems
2.The delivery truck driver took 10 hrs to
deliver products to an outlet which is 600
km away from the company warehouse. At
the same speed, how far is another outlet
if the delivery truck driver delivered the
product in 45 mins?
 Worded Problems
3. Your financial analyst has computed your
firm’s current ratio by dividing the current
assets by the current liabilities. Based on
her computations, the firm’s current ratio is
3.5 to 1. what is the value of the firm’s
current assets if the current liabilities
reflected amounts to P 150, 000 ?
Kinds of Proportion
 Direct Proportion
• exists when two quantities, x and y, of the
proportion vary directly or are in direct
variation
if x increases, y also increases
if x decreases, y also decreases
Example
Example
 Indirect or Inverse Proportion
• exists when two quantities, x and y, are
inversely proportional
if x increases, y decreases
if x decreases, y increases
Example
Example
 Partitive Proportion
• the given total is partitioned or divided into
equal or unequal parts depending on the
given ratios.
Example
Example