FCD ‫ ׀‬FEAPITSAT College of Dasmariñas

FUNDAMENTA
L
OPERATIONS
ON
FRACTIONS

Mr. Niejay A. Llagas

 01 Define Fractions
Objective
At the end of the
week, student will be
able to; 02 Add, Subtract, Multiply,
and Divide Fractions

Learning 01 Evaluate Fractions

outcome 02 Performs the fundamental

operations on Fractions
 FRACTION
Part of a whole
 FRACTION
Numerator / Denominator
 
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 • We call the top number the Numerator, it is
the number of parts we have.
• We call the bottom number the Denominator,
it is the number of parts the whole is divided
into.
What are the Fundamental Operations on
Fractions?

Subtraction Multiplication

- x
Addition
+ ÷
Division
 Adding Fractions
- A fraction like ¾ says we have 3 out of the 4 parts the whole is
divided into.
To add fractions there are Three Simple Steps:
Step 1: Make sure the bottom
numbers (the denominators) are
the same
Step 2: Add the top numbers
(the numerators), put that answer
over the denominator
Step 3: Simplify the fraction (if
needed)
 What if the denominators are different?

Simple PowerPoint Presentation

We need to make them the same before we can

continue, because we can't add them like that.
The number "6" is twice as big as "3", so to
make the bottom numbers the same we can
multiply the top and bottom of the first fraction by 2,
like this:

*Important: you multiply both top and bottom by the same

amount, to keep the value of the fraction the same
Now the fractions have the same bottom number ("6"),
and our question looks like this:
 
The denominator numbers are now the same, so we
can go to step 2.
Add the top numbers and put them over the same
denominator:
  2 1 2+1 3
+ = =
6 6 6 6

Simplify the fraction so we will get 3/6 which is equal to ½

 Subtracting Fractions
There are 3 simple steps to subtract fractions

Step 1. Make sure the bottom

numbers (the denominators) are
the same
Step 2. Subtract the top numbers
(the numerators). Put the answer
over the same denominator.
Step 3. Simplify the fraction (if
needed).
 EXAMPLE
Subtract the top numbers (3-1=2), since
 
𝟑 𝟏 the denominator is the same, just copy it.
−
𝟒 𝟒   3 1 3 −1 2
− = =
4 4 4 4
  Simplify the fraction, you will get

*If the denominators are not the same. Think of a number

that if you will multiply it to the given (numerator and
denominator) it arrive with the same denominator as the
other given.
 Multiplying Fractions
“Multiply the tops (numerators),
multiply the denominators. Simplify if needed”

 
Step 1. Multiply the numerators
Example
 
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙
𝟐 𝟓  
Step 2. Multiply the denominators
=

 
Step 3. Simplify (if needed)
 Dividing Fractions
Turn the second fraction upside down, hen multiply
Step 1. Turn the second fraction
upside down (it becomes a
Example reciprocal):  1 6
𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
 
𝟏 𝟏 6 1
÷ Step 2. Multiply the fraction by that
𝟐 𝟔 reciprocal: (Multiply the tops…)
1  6 1 𝑥 6 6
𝑥 = =
2 1 2 𝑥1 2
(multiply the bottoms…)

Step 3. Simplify the fraction:

 
𝟔
=𝟑
𝟐
Convert Fractions into decimals.
 • The best way to convert fraction into decimal is by using a calculator.
Divide the numerator by the denominator.
• Another way is using a long division method
 Example

You wish to determine the decimal form of ,

Calculator: 5÷8= 0.625

Long Division method

 In
that case we inserted
extra zeroes and did to get
0.625