FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

Fire detectors are designed to

detect one ore more of the
three characteristics of fire-
smoke, heat and flame.
Besides that every fire detection
system must include manual call
point (break glass), so that in the
event of fire, help can be called
Immediately.
During a fire attention of the
occupants so that evacuation
can be carried out without
causing harm to the occupants.

A sample of fire detection and

alarm system installation is
shown
External fire hydrant

Fire hydrant installation consist of a

system of pipe work connected directly
to the water supply to each and every
hydrant outlet and is intended to
provide water for the firemen to fight a
fire.
The water is discharged into the fire
engine from which it is then pumped
and sprayed over fire .a typical hydrant
installation fed directly from JBA main
and pressurized by fire pumps is shown
as below
Sprinkler System
 A fire sprinkler system is an
ACTIVE fire protection measure,
consisting of a water supply system,
providing adequate pressure and flow of
water through a distribution piping
system, onto which fire sprinklers are
connected,

 Sprinkler systems have been around

since the late 1880’s,

 In 1874, H.S. Pamelee patented the

first practical automatic sprinkler,
 Design
 There are two ways to design a sprinkler system;
Pipe Schedule:
 pipe is sized according to systems pressure and required flow,
 sprinkler discharge density and estimated area of coverage determine pipe size
 Hydraulic Calculated:
 an engineered approach to match fire hazard to potential water supply pressure
and volume,
 most automatic sprinklers today are hydraulically calculated,
Types of Systems
 Wet Pipe Sprinkler

 Pipes are always filled

with water. Heat from fire
opens a sprinkler head,

 Usually only one or two

heads open,
Water flows until it is shut
off,
The open sprinkler
head(s) is replaced and the
system is reset.
 Dry Pipe Sprinkler

 Pipes are not filled with water.

 Heat from a fire opens a
sprinkler
head,
 Usually only one or two heads
open,
Air pressure drops in the piping
opens a water valve (the dry-
 Water flows until shut off,
pipe
Open
valve),sprinkler head is replaced,
System is reset,
 Deluge System

 Pipes are not filled with water (or gas),

All sprinkler heads are pre-opened,
A signal from a detection device
mechanically opens a water valve,
•water fills the pipes and flows from all
heads,
•water flows until shut off
• system is reset.
 Primarily installed in special hazard areas that have fast spreading fire.
Are also used to apply protein and AFFF foams,
Activation will cause great quantities of water or foam to flow,
Usually requires several detectors to activate before discharging.
 Pre-Action System

Similar to dry-pipe and deluge system

•closed piping,
•little or no air/gas pressure,
•water does not flow to the sprinkler heads until detector activates
•water on fire after sprinkler head fuses,
•Turns into a wet system, but allows personnel to check/fight fire before head fuses,
 Pipes are not filled with water,
A detection device opens a water valve,
Water fills the pipes,
Water flows until shut off and system is reset.
 Hydrant systems
A rising main to deliver water for firefighting
onto the floor of a building via landing valves.
A wet rising main is a pipe permanently
charged with water and is generally installed
in buildings above 60m in height; beyond the
pumping capabilities of a fire service pumping
appliance; it requires water storage. A dry
riser is a pipe charged by a fire service pump
at ground/access level; it can be at any height
but is generally provided in a building over 18
m. Any horizontal section should not exceed
12m in length unless the delivery of the
required rate of water at each outlet can be
proven hydraulically. Falling or dropping
mains deliver water to low levels. Private
hydrants are provided within the age of a site
where statutory hydrants are too distant or
where the risk is such as to require large
volumes of water immediately.
Internal hydrant
The internal hydrant is proposed to be provided with 2 number RRL hose pipes
of 38 mm diameter with 63 mm standard instantaneous coupling along with
associated branch pipes and cabinet and a first aid hose reel of 25mm diameter,
length 45m and fitted with 6.5mm nozzle.

Two internal hydrants are proposed to be provided on each platform in such a

way so that most of the platform Is covered by hose. However, incase of
necessity, the hose pipes from other hose cabinets can be utilized for extending
the length of fire hose pipe for fire fighting, if need be. At the concourse level
minimum two hydrants will be provided. In station where the concourse is split
into two halves at least one hydrant is to be provided in each half of the
concourse. Further,
in case the area is more than 2000 sq m, an additional first aid hose-reel point
shall be provided for every additional 1000 sq m.

In addition, hydrants shall be provided in commercial areas also.

One hydrant shall be provided at entry of each station at ground floor for
providing the coverage to the parking area.
They shall be provided in various areas as detailed hereunder:

S. No Item number and location

PLATFORM
Internal two at each platform. The hydrant at two platforms
hydrant
may be staggered for maximum coverage

CONCOURSE
Internal two at each concourse. When concourse is in two
hydrants part should have at least one hydrant

EQUIPMENT ROOM AREAS

Internal the requirement shall get covered with
hydrants platform/concourse .additional first aid reel
point . . . . may be provided , if required

EXTERNAL AREAS

Hydrants one at a ground floor at each entry to station