FIRE FIGHTING COURSE

OVERVIEW
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Overview of Firefighting
 Single Line Diagram

 Pumps & Pump Room

 Sprinklers Systems

2
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Fire Triangle parameters :-

1. Air ( Oxygen )
2. Fuel ( Flammable Material )
3. Heat ( sufficient heat to raise
the material to its ignition
temperature )

3
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

 Fire Fighting methods :-

 , by creating a barrier using foam

for instance and prevent oxygen getting to
the fire
 By applying water you can lower the
temperature below the ignition
temperature

4
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Fire Fighting
Systems

Manual Automatic

Manual Siamese
Cabinet Fire hydrant
extinguisher connection
Sprinklers
SYS

5
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Materials ( Manual &

Automatic )

Water FM200 Co2 Halon Dry Foam

Chemical
powder

6
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

Single Line Digram 2.dwg

Second
Water
First Water source
source

7
Pump
Room

8
PUMP ROOM

 Delivered water from tank to firefighting

systems

9
PUMP ROOM

Centrifugal
Horizontal &
Vertical
Types of
Pumps
Horizontal &
Positive Vertical
displacement

10
PUMP ROOM

11
 Centrifugal pump

Impeller
Overhung between
bearing

12
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

The main purpose

Energy chance occur by two main parts

13
GENERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

14
GENERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

15
FORMULA :-

16
FACT

17
Centrifugal pump has two main
component

18
STATIONARY COMPONENTS
CASING

Volute casing Circular casing

 casing

Solid Casing Spilt casing

20
 SUCTION AND DISCHARGE
NOZZLE

End suction Top suction Side suction

Top Discharge Top Discharge Side Discharge

The suction and nozzle

discharge
is located
nozzles
at theare
endlocated
of, andat
the
concentric
sides
top ofofthe
to,
thecase
the
case
shaft
perpendicular
perpendicular
while the to
discharge
to
the
theshaft
shaft.
nozzle
This
is located
alwayspump
a radially
atcan
thehave
top
split
either
ofcase
the case
an
pump
axially
perpendicular
or radially
to
split
the shaft
case type.
21
ROTATING COMPONENTS

Impeller
direction of mechanical
suction type construction
flow

Radial
Mixed
Axial Double-
Single-
Closed
Open
flow suction
22
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARAMETERS
 Capacity :-
Def inition :-
Capacity means the f low rate with which liquid
is moved or pushed by the pump to the desired
point in the process.
It is commonly measured in either gallons per
minute (gpm) or cubic meters per hour
(m3/hr). The capacity usually changes with the
changes in operation of the process.

1 ( m3/Hr ) = 3.66 (GPM)

23
 T h e ca p a c i t y d e p e n d s o n a n u m b e r o f
fa c to r s l i ke :

 1 - P r o c e s s l i q u i d ch a ra c te r i s t i c s i . e .
d e n s i t y, v i s c o s i t y
 2 - S i ze o f th e p u m p a n d i t s i n l e t a n d
o u tl e t s e c t i o n s
 3 - Im p e l l e r s i ze
 4 - Im p e l l e r ro ta t i o n a l s p e e d R P M
 5 - S i ze a n d s h a p e o f ca v i t i e s b e t we e n th e
va n e s
 6 - P u m p s u c t i o n a n d d i s ch a rg e
te m p e ra t u re a n d p re s s u re c o n d i t i o n s
24
FORMULA :-

25
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARAMETERS (HEAD)

 HEAD:-
 Signif icance of using the “head” term
i n s t e a d o f t h e “ p r e s s u r e” t e r m

The pressure at any point in a liquid can be

thought of as being caused by a vertical
column of the liquid due to its weight .
T h e h e i g h t o f t h i s c o l u m n i s c a l l e d t h e s ta t i c
head and is expressed in terms of feet of
liquid.

26
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARAMETERS (HEAD)
The same head term is used to measure the
k i n e t i c e n e r g y c r e a t e d b y t h e p u m p.
In other words, head is a measurement of the
height of a liquid column that the pump
could create from the kinetic energy imparted
to the liquid

27
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARAMETERS (HEAD)
The main reason for using head instead of
pressure to measure a centrifugal pump's
energy is that the pressure from a pump will
change if the specif ic gravity (weight) of the
liquid changes, but the head will not change.
Since any given centrifugal pump can move a
lot of different f luids, with different specif ic
gravities, it is simpler to discuss the pump's
head and forget about the pressure.

28
FACT

29
FORMULA :-

 liquids have specific gravities typically ranging

from 0.5 (light) to 1.8 (heavy).
 Water is a benchmark, having a

specific gravity of 1.0.

30
DEFINITION :-
 1-Static Suction Head, hS
 2-Static Discharge Head, hd
 Total Static Head
 3-Friction Head, hf
 4-Vapor pressure Head, hvp
 5-Velocity Head, hv
 6-pressure head hp
 7-Total Suction Head HS
 8-Total Discharge Head Hd
 9-Total Differential Head HT
 10-Net Positive Suction Head Required NPSHr
 11-Net Positive Suction Head Available NPSHa

31
DEFINITION :-

 1-STATIC SUCTION HEAD, HS

 Head resulting from elevation of the liquid

relative to the pump center line. If the liquid
level is above pump centerline, hS is
positive. If the liquid level is below pump
centerline, hS is negative
 . Negative hS condition is commonly denoted
as a “suction lift” condition

32
DEFINITION :-

 2-STATIC DISCHARGE HEAD, HD

 the vertical distance between the pump

centerline and the surface of the liquid in
the destination tank.

33
DEFINITION :-

 What is Static Head?

 In a pumping system, this head represents
the energy required to raise the liquid from
the pump centerline to the point in the pipe
that the liquid needs to be raised

34
DEFINITION :-

 3-FRICTION HEAD, HF

 This is the loss needed to overcome that is

caused by the resistance to f low in the pipe
and f ittings. It is dependent on size,
condition and type of pipe, number and type
of pipe f ittings, f low rate, and nature of the
liquid.

35
36
DEFINITION :-

 4-VAPOR PRESSURE HEAD, HVP

37
DEFINITION :-

 5-VELOCITY HEAD, HV

 It i s th e e q u i va l e n t h e a d i n f e e t th r o u gh
wh i ch th e wa te r wo u l d h a ve to fa l l to
a c q u i re th e s a m e ve l o c i t y,

38
 DEFINITION :-
 6 - PRESSURE HEAD H P

S u c t i o n P re s s u re He a d e x i s t s
b e ca u s e th e s u c t i o n ta n k i s u n d e r
a p re s s u re o th e r th a n a t m o s ph e r i c.
It i s th e p re s s u re a c t i n g o n th e s u r fa c e
o f th e l i q u i d i n th e s u c t i o n ta n k .
T h i s p re s s u re ca n b e p o s i t i ve ( a b o ve
a t m o s ph e r i c ) o r n e g a t i ve ( va c u u m ) .

39
 DEFINITION :-
 7-TOTAL SUCTION HEAD HS
 T h i s i s c a l l e d To t a l S y s t e m S u c t i o n H e a d .
T h i s i s a l s o s o m e t i m e s c a l l e d To t a l D y n a m i c
Suction Head.
 The equation to calculate this head
requirement
 .Suction static head is positive when there is
a f looded suction and negative when there is
a suction lift.
 Pressure head is zero if the tank is
atmospheric. It is added when above zero
gauge pressure and subtracted when under
vacuum.
 Ve l o c i t y h e a d t h e o r e t i c a l l y i s p a r t o f t h e
System Suction Head equation. In practical
application, it is rarely considered as its
value is minimal
40
DEFINITION

 8-TOTAL DISCHARGE HEAD HD

41
DEFINITION :-

 9-TOTALDIFFERENTIAL HEAD HT
TOTAL HEAD SYSTEM
TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD

 HT=HD-HS

42
PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVE
Total dynamic Head

Increasing capacity
decreasing Head

Capacity 43
10-NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD
REQUIRED ( NPSHR)

 As liquid enters the pump, there is a reduction of

pressure and subsequent head. This head reduction
is a function of the specific pump and is determined
by laboratory testing to be stated by the pump
manufacturer on a pump curve.
 Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR) is the
measurement of this head reduction to determine
the minimum suction head condition required to
prevent the liquid from vaporizing in the pump.

44
10-NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD
REQUIRED ( NPSHR)

 Notice on the NPSHR curve below, as the pump

capacity increases and head decreases, more NPSHR
is required to prevent cavitation from occurring.

45
DEFINITION

 Efficiency

 Efficiency is power output of a mechanical

device, such as a pump, divided by power
input to the device. Pump efficiency is the
ratio of liquid power (also known as water
power) divided by the power input to the
pump shaft,(also known as brake power

46
 Best Efficiency point
DEFINITION

47
DEFINITION

 Power Requirements

48
49
 PUMP SELECTION

 pss.jnlp

50
PUMP OPERATIONS

 Pumps operates by : -

Electric Engines

Diesel Engines

51
PUMP ROOM CONTENTS

Pump Room

Electric Jockey Diesel

pump Pump pump
52
PUMP ROOM OPERATIONS

53
PUMP ROOM SPECIFICATIONS
Any pump can be used to be Firefighting pumps as
long as matching :-
1. NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
2.LPC (Loss Prevention Council )
Manufacturing of pumps should be according to
1. American specs ANSI (American National Standards
Institute )
2. British specs BS (British Standard )
3. Germany specs DIN (Diameter Nominal )

54
PUMP ROOM SPECIFICATIONS

 It should delivered with pumps test

certification from manufacturer states about
testing the pumps with its control panels

 If the pump according American specs it

should be UL or FM certification states about
testing the pump according American specs

55
NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION )

 1.3.1 This standard shall apply to centrifugal

single-stage and multistage pumps of the
horizontal or vertical shaft design and positive
displacement pumps of the horizontal or
vertical shaft design.

56
NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION )

 5.1.2 Other Pumps shall be limited to

capacities of less than 1892 L/min (500 gpm).

The meaning of (SHALL) in

nfpa code : Indicates a
mandatory requirement

57
NFPA 20

 The pump is required to demonstrate its

ability to achieve 65% of rated pressure when
flowing at 150% of rated capacity

 Shut-off head will range from a minimum of

101% to a maximum of 140% of head

58
59
NFPA20

60
INSTALLATION OF PUMP

61
INSTALLATION OF PUMP ROOM

62
INSTALLATION OF PUMP ROOM

63
INSTALLATION OF PUMP ROOM

64
65
66
INSTALLATION OF PUMP ROOM

 pump room.dwg
 Pump Room 2.dwg


 Pump Room (Electric ).dwg
 pump Room (Diesel ).dwg

 Pump Room 3d.dwg

67
GALLERY

68
69
70
71
72
73
Sprinklers

Systems

74


 Wet Pipe
 Dry Pipe
 Pre-Action
 Deluge

75
WET PIPES SYSTEM

76
77
WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
 MAIN CONTROL VALVE

 ButterflyValve
OBJECTIVE :-
Shut down
system for
service

78
WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS

 CONTROL VALVE

79
When the fire
protection system is
initially being
pressurized, water
will flow
into the system until
the water supply and
system pressure
become equalized,
and the torsion
Spring closes the
Clapper in the Alarm
Check Valve. Once
the pressures have
stabilized
80
 2
Leakage in
System
Restriction
INLET
Assembly

OUTLET
Flow Inlet < Flow Outlet
(1)
Flow Inlet > Flow Outlet
1 (2)

81
 FIRE,FIRE
ALARM

82
83
 CHECK VALVE SYMBOL
 CHECK VALVE

 CHECK VALVE BLOCK

 Check Valve Block.dwg

84
WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Friction Loss Chart ( Check Valve )

85
86
87
88
89
90
91
DRY PIPES SYSTEM

92
DRY PIPES SYSTEM

 .

93
DRY PIPES SYSTEM

94
95
96
PROCEDURE
 When one or more automatic sprinklers operate in
response to a fire, air pressure within the system piping
is relieved through the open sprinklers.
 When the air pressure is sufficiently reduced, the water
pressure overcomes the differential holding the
Clapper Assembly closed and the Clapper Assembly
swings clear of the water seat,
 This action permits water flow into the system piping
and subsequently to be discharged from any open
sprinklers. Also, with the Clapper Assembly open, the
intermediate chamber is pressurized and water flows
through the alarm port.

97
PROCEDURE
 After a valve actuation and upon subsequent closing of
a system main control valve to stop water flow, the
Clapper Assembly will latch open Latching open of the
DPV-1 will permit complete draining of the system
through the main drain port. During the valve resetting
procedure and after the system is completely drained,
the external reset knob can be easily depressed to
externally unlatch the Clapper Assembly
 . As such, the Clapper Assembly is returned to its
normal set position to facilitate setting of the dry pipe
sprinkler system, without having to remove the Hand
hole Cover.

98
99
100
PREACTION PIPES SYSTEM
 A Preaction System is a sprinkler system
employing closed automatic sprinklers
connected to a piping system that contains air
or nitrogen that may or may not be
pressurized. A supplemental detection system
(release line) is installed in the same area as
the sprinklers

101
NFPA 13 DEFINES THREE BASIC TYPES OF
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
 Single Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of detection devices
only.
 Double Interlocked: Admits water to
sprinkler piping upon operation of both the
detection devices and automatic sprinklers

102
PREACTION SYSTEMS:

 Non-Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler

piping upon either operation of detection
devices or automatic sprinklers.

103
PREACTION SYSTEMS:

 The supplemental detection system is commonly

electric or pneumatic or a combination of both.
Detection systems used with electric release systems
are commonly actuated by manual pull stations, fixed-
temperature heat detectors, rate-of-rise heat detectors,
smoke detectors or other means determined

104
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
 In accordance with NFPA 13,
 the preaction sprinkler system piping and fire
detection devices shall be automatically supervised
where there are more than 20 sprinklers on the
systems. This is accomplished with air or nitrogen gas
under pressure within the sprinkler piping. If the
integrity of the sprinkler piping is compromised, the
pressure will be reduced activating a supervisory
pressure switch that transmits the signal to the release
control panel and/or fire alarm panel.

105
PREACTION SYSTEMS:

 Single Interlocked

106
PREACTION SYSTEMS:

 Double Interlocked

113
PREACTION SYSTEMS:

 . The double interlock preaction system

utilizes a detector system and pressurized air
or nitrogen in the sprinkler system piping.
This system is arranged so that the deluge
valve will open only when both pressure is
reduced in the sprinkler piping and the
detection system operates.

114
PREACTION SYSTEMS:

 If the detection system operates due to

damage or malfunction, the valve will not
open, but an alarm will sound. If the sprinkler
piping is damaged or sprinkler is broken, the
valve will not open but a supervisory alarm
will sound. The operation of both a sprinkler
and a detector (or release) is required before
the valve will open, allowing water to enter the
system piping.
115
DELUGE SYSTEMS:
 A deluge system is similar to a pre-action system
except the sprinkler heads are open and the pipe is not
pressurized with air. Deluge systems are connected to
a water supply through a deluge valve that is opened by
the operation of a smoke or heat detection system. The
detection system is installed in the same area as the
sprinklers. When the detection system is activated
water discharges through all of the sprinkler heads in
the system. Deluge systems are used in places that are
considered high hazard areas such as power plants,
aircraft hangars and chemical storage or processing
facilities. Deluge systems are needed where high
velocity suppression is necessary to prevent fire
spread

125
DELUGE SYSTEMS:

 Deluge System with Electric actuated

126
DELUGE SYSTEMS:

 Deluge System with wet pilot actuated

133
DELUGE SYSTEMS:

 Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated

140
ZONE CONTROL VALVE ( FLOOR C V )

147