Lecture 1: The Importance of Business Ethics

Holmes Institute
Study Support

Referencing your
Sources
Comparative
Business Ethics and
Social Responsibility

HC2121
What is Plagiarism?

Copying and pasting

someone else’s work
without
acknowledgement

Paraphrasing someone
else’s work without
acknowledgement

Using other people’s

work without
acknowledgement
 Acknowledge your sources

All the assignments, essays, reports, presentations that you are expected to
produce will rely on the work of others – experts in their area

In your assignments you are expected to read widely to gain knowledge from
experts

You are expected to acknowledge in your work the ideas, thoughts, opinions
of others that you have used
 Acknowledge your Sources (The Harvard Method)

Consists of Two Stages

In Text Citation or citing Reference List

 Citations and Reference Lists

 
 In Text Citation

Stage One

In Text Citation
 Harvard Referencing

Stage Two Reference List

 
 what do you think?

Why is it important to acknowledge sources?

 
• So that readers can locate the sources I used for their own
use

• So that the reader knows my work is based on valid research

• To distinguish between my ideas and those of others

 In text citation or reference list entry ?

A specific source that is Found at the end of the

mentioned in the body of work
the work
 
Includes more Includes the name of the
information like author, author and publication
the title of the book, date
publication date

A list of sources Found in the body of the

mentioned at the end of work
the work
 In text citation or reference list entry
A specific source that is Found at the end of the work
mentioned in the body of the
work REFERENCE LIST
INTEXT CITATION
 

Includes more information like Includes the name of the

author, the title of the book, author and publication date
publication date INTEXT CITATION
REFERENCE LIST

A list of sources mentioned at Found in the body of the work

the end of the work
REFERENCE LIST INTEXT CITATION
 what do you think?

Which one of these is a reference list entry?

Concern about climate change is becoming a “force for good” in

 
international politics (Patel , 2005. P24)

Patel, J. (2005) Climate and Politics in a Changing World.

Manchester. Manchester University Press
 what do you think?

Which one of these is a reference list entry?

Concern about climate change is becoming a “force for good” in

 
international politics (Patel , 2005. P24)

Patel, J. (2005) Climate and Politics in a Changing World.

Manchester. Manchester University Press
 When should I Reference?

Harry has included a reference list at the end of his

report
 
Does he also need to include in text citations ?

Yes, in text citation is a marker in your text

acknowledging a source
 What and when to cite and reference?

Many people think you only need to reference when you have copied the
words of another author
 
But there is more to it than that .
]

Factual information Data, methods, images Quotations Ideas

 What and when to cite and reference?
When using When you copy
information from directly the words of
] any source you must another author you
cite and reference must use quotation
  even though you marks and include the
express it in your page number in the in
own words text citation
Quotations
Factual information Whenever you refer
I to another person’s
When you use data, graphs, ideas it is correct to
tables, images, videos, music, acknowledge whose
software – any intellectual ideas they are, even
property that is not your own if you express it in
original work - acknowledge your own words
Data, methods, images Ideas
 When should I Reference?

 
 Quoting

Means reproducing the wording of a source

• When quoting you should use exactly the same words as the
  original
• And position the punctuation marks precisely

The ideal of economic equality ‘tends to do significant harm’

(Frankfurt 2015.p9)

Quotes should be used to support your discussion and need to

be used sparingly
 Which student has plagiarised ?

Original text Australia has never had-and would certainly benefit from – a
Ellard (2014) reliable, long-term policy for funding the ongoing medical
research necessary to retain our best talent
Student 1 Ellard (2014) believes Australia would benefit from a
  dependable, ongoing funding policy for medical research which
is needed to keep our top talent
Student 2 It has been claimed that Australia has never developed a
“reliable, long-term policy for funding … ongoing medical
research” (Ellard,2014,p2)
Student 3 In her recent article, Ellard (2014) links the increasing migration
of Australian medical researchers to the USA to a lack of stable
funding
 Which student has plagiarised ?

Original text Australia has never had-and would certainly benefit

Ellard (2014) from – a reliable, long-term policy for funding the
ongoing medical research necessary to retain our best
  talent

Student 1 Ellard (2014) believes Australia would benefit from a

dependable, ongoing funding policy for medical
research which is needed to keep our top talent
This is plagiarised – the student has provided a citation
but copied the wording of the original making only
minor changes
 Where are citations needed

As long ago as `963, Martin Luther King lamented that African Americans were still
living “on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material
prosperity”1 For many, little has changed except that they have now been joined by
another  minority group. 2 The 2010 census data in Table 1 3 clearly shows the gap
between black and Hispanic Americans on one hand, and their white and Asian
countrymen on the other

Table 1: US poverty rates by racial group 2014 4

Racial group Black Hispanic Asian
Poverty rate % 27.4 26.6 12.1

At which point/s are citations needed 1,2,3,4 ?

 Where are citations needed

As long ago as `963, Martin Luther King lamented that African Americans were still
living “on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material
prosperity”1 For many, little has changed except that they have now been joined by
another  minority group. The 2010 census data in Table 1 clearly shows the gap
between black and Hispanic Americans on one hand, and their white and Asian
countrymen on the other

Table 1: US poverty rates by racial group 2014 4

Racial group Black Hispanic Asian
Poverty rate % 27.4 26.6 12.1

1. Quotations must always be cited

4. The data in the table was obtained from a published source, so it must be cited

2. This is the writer’s comment so there is no need for citation

3. The conclusion to this statement was drawn from the table so it does not require a citation
 Test yourself

Kiran finds an article for his assignment in a Hindu language

journal. No translation is available so he translates the relevant
 information himself and includes it in his assignment.
Is this plagiarism? Choose one of the answers below

1. Yes, it’s irrelevant whether its translated or not

2. No, so long as he cites and references the paper and states
that he translated the content
3. Yes, because the original writer has no authorized Kiran’s
translation
 Test yourself

1.Yes, it’s irrelevant whether its translated or not

Correct - Quotations must always be cited
2.
  No, so long as he cites and references the paper and states
that he translated the content
Correct –As well as citing the original article, the translator’s
name must be given
3.Yes, because the original writer has no authorized Kiran’s
translation
Incorrect – authorization is not required, but the translators name
must be included in the citation
 Test yourself

Jen decides to embed a video clip from YouTube into one of her
oral presentation slides. Does she need to acknowledge the
 source?

No, because YouTube is open access

Yes, because the video is another person’s work

 Test yourself

Jen decides to embed a video clip from YouTube into one of her
oral presentation slides. Does she need to acknowledge the
 source?

No, because YouTube is open access

Incorrect – anything created by another person must be
acknowledged, regardless of where it was obtained

Yes, because the video is another person’s work

 Use Word to Insert your Citation

 
 Citation Managers to help

 
 Citation Managing Software

 
Avoiding Plagiarism

Track where you sourced your

information at all times

Cite even though your own words (but

not your own ideas)

Don’t use other people’s work (part or

whole) at any time