GROUP 4

M I L L A R E S R H O D A FAY E
MORAL, ANICEE
M O R TA L L A S H E D Y A N N E
MOSTRALES ANGEL
N AVA , P R I N C E S S F E B B L E
N AV I D A D , S H Y L A
OLIVER, AUNDREA

HEALTH YESTERDAY
AND TODAY
• Health is a dynamic state or condition of the human
organism that is multidimensional in nature
• A resource for living, and result from a person’s
interactions with and adaptations to his or her
environment
• Prior to the 18oo’s, if you weren’t sick, you were not
only regarded as lucky, but also regarded as healthy.
• When deadly epidemics such as bubonic plague,
pneumonic plague, influenza, TB, and cholera killed
millions of people, survivors were believed to be of
hearty, healthy stock, and congratulated themselves in
their good fortune.
• These diseases affected people of all ages.
• It is not surprising then that the emphasis of health in
the past was freedom from illness.
• Poor health was often associated with poor hygiene
and unsanitary conditions, and certain stigmas were
attached to households that harbored any of these
illnesses.
• It wasn’t until early 1900’s that researchers slowly
began to discover that victims of these epidemics
were victims of environmental factors. That made
them sick.
• Researches into the environment as the primary cause
of diseases continued well into the early 1900s.

• By the 1940s, progressive thinkers in public health

began to note that there was more to health than early
associations with hygiene or the focus on disease had
indicated.
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
 WHAT IS HEALTH?

• Defines as “the dynamic, ever-changing process of trying to

achieve one’s individual potential in each of the following
interrelated dimensions”.

Physical
Mental
Social
Environmental
Emotional
Spiritual
 PHYSICAL WELL-BEING

• We keep our bodies health by exercising regularly. The human

body is designed for movement and it needs exercise in order
to function properly.
 MENTAL WELL-BEING

• It is more than just the absence of illness. People in good

mental health feel comfortable with themselves and with
others. They are able to love and be loved. They can work well
and play well and they can cope successfully with the normal
problems and stresses of life.
 SOCIAL WELL-BEING

• Concerned with the people with whom we come into contact.

Our relationships with our parents, friends, neighbors and
acquaintances all have a bearing on our health.
• Social health is concerned with our roles within society as a
whole. For a society to functions well, its members need to
recognize certain basic needs.
 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

• Refers to an appreciation of the external environment and the

role individual play in preserving, protecting and improving
environmental conditions.
 EMOTIONAL HEALTH

• Refers to the feeling component; to express emotions when

appropriate and to control expressing emotions either when it
is inappropriate to do so or in an inappropriate manner.
 SPIRITUAL HEALTH

• This may involve a belief in a supreme being or a specifies

way of living prescribed by a particular religion. Also includes
the feeling of unity with the environment – a feeling of
oneness with other with nature and a guiding sense of meaning
or value in life.
 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
• The four major factors that determine health are: personal
health behavior, biological influences such as heredity, the
physical environment, and health services.
Personal
Health
Behavior

Physical Biological
HEALTH
Environment Influences

Health
Services
 PERSONAL HEALTH BEHAVIOR
Although mounting evidence indicates that there are
significant benefits to being healthy, many people find it
difficult to become and remain healthy.
Most experts believe that there are several key behaviors that
will help people live longer, such as:
• Getting a good night’s sleep (minimum of seven hours)
• Maintaining healthy eating habits
• Weight management
• Physical recreational activities
• Avoiding tobacco products
• Practicing of safe sex
• Limiting intake of alcohol
• Scheduling regular self-exams and medical check-ups
• Although health professionals can statistically assess
the health benefits of these behaviors, there are
several other actions that may significantly result in
“years added to life,” such as:
Controlling the real
imaginary stressors in life

Forming and maintaining

meaningful relationships with
family and friends
 Making time for oneself

Participating in at least
one fun activity each day
 Respecting the
environment and the
people in it

• Considering alternatives when making decisions and assessing how

actions affect others

• Valuing each day and making the best of opportunities

• Viewing mistakes as opportunities to learn and grow being as kind to

oneself as to others

• Understanding the health-care system and using it wisely

*Those who practice most or all of these behaviors tend to be in
better physical and mental health than those who follow a few or
none.
*People who are in good physical shape are better to handle the
pressures in their lives.
*People who have a good mental health have a good self-concept.
 BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE-- HEREDITY
Sometimes your ability to prevent diseases in limited by
heredity and by other personal factors.
• Heredity - is the passing of traits biologically from parents to
child.
If many members of the family have died of heart disease, then a
person may be less able to prevent heart disease that someone
whose family members have been free of heart disease.
Sometimes disability can keep an individual form being able
to exercise regularly.

Whatever his heredity or physical condition, though, he can

improve his chance of having a lifetime of good health by
choosing responsible health behaviors.
 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
The physical environment is the physical surroundings – any
place in which one lives, work or play.
Health threats in the physical environment may affect people’s
personal health.
Air pollution may increase their chance of developing lung
disorders, or worsen a condition such as asthma, and may even
cause some diseases like cancer.

Other factors in the environment that may affect people’s

health are too much noise, very crowded living places, and
infected food or water.
 HEALTH SERVICES
The quality of the health care available to a person helps
determine the quality of his general health.

If he can get regular medical and dental care, he may be able

to prevent many health problems.
Preventing an illness is almost always easier than curing one.
 HEALTH PROMOTION

• The term “Health Promotion” is used to refer to the

educational, environment and social organizations that help
people reduce negative health behaviors and promote positive
change.
• It is about achieving the best possible for everyone.
• WHO defines Health Promotion as the process of “enabling
people to increase control over and to improve their health”
• The government emphasizes the need for action by people in
all walks of life. In particular, it calls upon industry, labor,
schools, churches and consumer groups to play an active role
in promoting health.

• Among the areas on which the government chooses to focus

its efforts are the following:
• Smoking

• Alcohol and drugs

• Nutrition

• Family planning

• Pregnancy and
• infant health
• Immunization

• Sexually transmitted diseases

• Toxic substances
• Accident prevention
• Dental health

• Control of infectious diseases

• Pollution
 3 LEVELS OF PREVENTION

• HEALTH PROMOTION CAN TARGET 3 LEVELS OF

PREVENTION:

• Primary: persons yet to display symptoms of disease. Aimed at

preventing onset of disease
• Secondary: Early signs of disease or risk factors are present,
aim is to halt or slow disease process.
• Tertiary: Minimize the effects of the disease.
 WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HEALTH
PROMOTION?
• INDIVIDUALS
• -personal behavior is the major determining factor of health
status. For health promotion to be effective, individuals need
to be empowered.
• Community groups and schools
• -contribute to discussion and participate in setting of health
policies.
• Non-Government Organizations
• -they are non-profit making organizations that operate at local,
national and international levels. They are funded from a
variety of sources including government grants, public
donations and funraising.
• GOVERNMENT
• -All levels of government are responsible for promoting better
health.
 PERSONAL HEALTH INVENTORY

• It is a valuable first step toward helping you and your health

care team start a conversation and begin to build a
personalized health plan.

• It is a self-assessment tool to help people explore areas of their

life. It opens with a question– what really matters to you? .
But to get healthy, and to be the best we can be, we need to
consider several more questions:
• 1. Are you getting enough sleep at night to refresh your body
and mind?
• 2. Are you eating foods and beverages that will nourish and
fuel you?
• 3. Are you surrounding yourself with people you love and care
about?
• 4. Do you have as much energy and flexibility as you could
have with more exercise?
• 5. Are you finding opportunities to learn and grow?
• The PHI (personal health inventory) will help you explores
these areas in life that affect your health. It will also help you
pinpoint areas to work on.

• Health Care Team will help connect with people with

resources and support systems in these key areas as a part of
personalized health plan.