BHUJ EARTHQUAKE

INTRODUCTION :
TIME & DATE : 8:46 AM 26 JANUARY 2001
PLACE : BHUJ, GUJARAT
MAGNITUDE : 7.9
INTENSITY : X
EPICENTER : 23.419°N 70.232°E
FOCAL LENGTH : 23 KMS
SEASON : WINTER
DAMAGES :
•OVER 18,600 PERSONS ARE DEAD AND OVER 167,000 INJURED.
•THE ESTIMATED ECONOMIC LOSS DUE TO THIS QUAKE IS
PLACED AT AROUND RS.22,000 CRORES.
• THE ENTIRE KUTCH REGION OF GUJARAT, ENCLOSED ON THREE SIDES
BY THE GREAT RUNN OF KUTCH, THE LITTLE RUNN OF KUTCH AND
THE ARABIAN SEA, SUSTAINED HIGHEST DAMAGE WITH MAXIMUM
INTENSITY OF SHAKING AS HIGH AS “X” ON THE “MSK” INTENSITY
SCALE.
• TWENTY-ONE OF THE TOTAL 25 DISTRICTS OF THE STATE WAS
AFFECTED IN THIS QUAKE. AROUND 18 TOWNS, 182 TALUKAS AND 7904
VILLAGES IN THE AFFECTED DISTRICTS HAVE SEEN LARGE-SCALE
DEVASTATION.
• THE AFFECTED AREAS EVEN SPREAD UP TO 300 KM FROM THE
EPICENTER.
• IN THE KUTCH DISTRICT, FOUR MAJOR URBAN AREAS – BHUJ, ANJAR,
BACHAU AND RAPAR SUFFERED NEAR TOTAL DESTRUCTION.
• THE RURAL AREAS IN THE REGION ARE ALSO VERY BADLY AFFECTED
WITH OVER 450 VILLAGES ALMOST TOTALLY DESTROYED.
LOCATION :
• THE EARTHQUAKE’S EPICENTRE WAS
20KM FROM BHUJ.
• A CITY WITH A POPULATION OF 140,000
IN 2001.
• THE CITY IS IN THE REGION KNOWN
AS THE KUTCH REGION.
• THE EFFECTS OF THE EARTHQUAKE
WERE ALSO FELT ON THE NORTH SIDE
OF THE PAKISTAN BORDER, IN PAKISTAN
18 PEOPLE WERE KILLED.
GEOLOGIC SETTING :
• INDIAN PLATE SUB DUCTING
BENEATH EURASIAN PLATE
• CONTINENTAL DRIFT
• CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
• COMPRESSION STRESS BETWEEN
REGION’S FAULTS
• DEPTH: 16KM 
• PROBABLE FAULT: KACHCHH
MAINLAND
• FAULT TYPE: REVERSE DIP-SLIP
          
CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKES :
• THE EARTHQUAKE WAS CAUSED AT THE
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY BETWEEN
THE INDIAN PLATE AND THE EURASIAN
PLATE BOUNDARY.
• THESE PUSHED TOGETHER AND CAUSED
THE EARTHQUAKE. HOWEVER AS BHUJ IS
IN AN INTRAPLATE ZONE, THE EARTH-
-QUAKE WAS NOT EXPECTED, THIS IS ONE
OF THE REASONS SO MANY BUILDINGS
WERE DESTROYED – BECAUSE PEOPLE DID
NOT BUILD TO EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
STANDARDS IN AN AREA EARTHQUAKES
WERE NOT THOUGHT TO OCCUR.
SEISMIC ZONE MAP OF INDIA :- 2001
• ABOUT 65 PERCENT OF THE
LAND AREA OF INDIA IS
LIABLE TO SEISMIC HAZARD
DAMAGE,
• 26% UNDER MSK INTENSITY 8,
• 18% UNDER VIII AND
• 12% UNDER IX AND HIGHER.
1819 GUJARAT [KUTCH] (2000 DEATHS)
2001 GUJARAT [BHUJ] (13805 DEATHS)
LOSS CLASSIFICATION :
• DEATHS AND INJURIES: DEMOGRAPHICS
AND LABOUR MARKETS
• EFFECTS ON ASSETS AND GDP
• EFFECTS ON FISCAL ACCOUNTS
• FINANCIAL MARKETS
DISASTER LOSS :
• INITIAL ESTIMATE RS. 200 BILLION.
• CAME DOWN TO RS. 144 BILLION.
• NO INVENTORY OF BUILDINGS
• NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
• LAND AND BUILDINGS
• STOCKS AND FLOWS
• RECONSTRUCTION COSTS (RS. 106 BILLION)
AND LOSS ESTIMATES (RS. 99 BILLION) ARE
DIFFERENT
• PUBLIC GOOD CONSIDERATIONS