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• Overbalance
Mud Hydrostatic Pressure > Formation
Pressure
• Underbalance
Mud Hydrostatic Pressure < Formation (Possible
Pressure Kick!)
Outlin
e
Introduction
Causes of Kicks
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary well
control
Blowout Preventer stack
Kick Detection Equipment
killing a well
Causes of Kicks
Kicks:
Underbalance is caused by :
• Increase in Formation Pressure.
• Mud Hydrostatic Reduction.
Causes of Kicks (cont.)
psi
Bottom Hole
Pressures
Causes of Kicks (cont.)
5- Loss of
Barite
Pit Hole
Causes of Kicks (cont.)
6- Lost
circulation
Well Under
Control (Normal
Condition)
Causes of Kicks (cont.)
6- Lost
circulation
Pressure Exert
On Upper
Formation
Causes of Kicks (cont.)
7- Pull Out of The Hole
Dry
Rig Floor
Flowline
Causes of Kicks (cont.)
8- Pull Out of The Hole
Wet
Rig Floor
Flowline
Causes of Kicks (cont.)
Kick Prevention
Monitor trips; in and out.
Circulate bottoms up if in doubt of hole
condition.
Monitor well at all times.
Trip carefully in and out.
Pump out if tight hole.
Circulate through choke if a lot of gas is
expected.
Keep mud in good shape.
Always keep hole full.
Outlin
e
Introduction
Causes of Kicks
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary well
control
Blowout Preventer stack
Kick Detection Equipment
killing a well
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary well control
Secondary
Control Tertiary
BOPs
Control
Primary Control
Control &Recovery
Mud Weight
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary well control (cont.)
1. Detect a kick
2. Close-in the well at surface
3. Remove the formation fluid which has flowed into the
well
4. Make the well safe
1- Primary well control
2. Ram-type preventer:
• The other type of preventer uses a pair of large steel rams that shut
under high hydraulic pressure, with great force.
• These rams are interchangeable and are of different types:
Fixed pipe ram
Variable bore pipe ram
Blind rams
Shear rams
Blind-Shear rams
Casing shear rams
Blowout Preventer stack (cont.)
Choke Valves:
Below the rams are pipes that come out to the side.
These are called side outlets and are used to allow flow
out of or into the annulus during well killing operations.
Blowout Preventer stack (cont.)
There are two main kick detection systems that give a direct
indication of a kick:
2. Flow indicator
Kick Detection Equipment (cont.)
Kick Warning
Drilled cuttings
Signs
1.ROP changes
• Less overbalance
• Softer rock
2.Hole condition
• Squeezing rock Nocked
• Torque / Drag / Fill or packed off
cutting
3.Data from Mud • Chlorides
• Gas • Shale
• Cuttings Property
• • Trip Monitor
Kick Warning Signs & Indicators (cont.)
Hard Vs Soft
- Quicker . - Slower & Reduces Water Hammer
- Less to Effect
Remember - Checks if choke line is Clean
Killing a well (cont.)
Simplifying the Initial Phase of Killing the
well
Volumetric Bullheading
Killing a well (cont.)
As time moved on, wells got deeper and went from vertical into
more inclined pathways.
Procedure:
- Two Circulation's: SICP
psi
0
Casing
0 psi
Pressure
B- Wait and Weight Method Mud Pump
Procedures:
0 psi
- One Circulation
- Pump kill mud from the
start