• Derivation of Euler’s pump

and turbine equation

• Velocity triangles for a radial
turbine
• Velocity triangles for an axial
turbine
• Velocity triangles for a radial
pump
 Absolute specific
stagnation energy
Starting with Newton 2. law, the absolute
acceleration for stationary flow can be
derived as: 
 
c     c    E  f
Where:
E= Specific stagnation Energy [J/kg]
c = Velocity [m/s]
f = Friction [N/kg]

The absolute specific stagnation energy is

constant along a streamline in a frictionless
system.
2
p c
E    gz
 2
Ref. Grunnkurs i Hydrauliske Strømningsmaskiner
 Relative specific
stagnation energy
Rotalpy
Relative acceleration in a rotating
channel can be derived as: 
 
w     c    I  f
Where
I = Rotalpy [J/kg]
c = Velocity [m/s]
f = Friction force [N/kg]

The Rotalpy is constant along a streamline

p w  R 2 2 2
I    gz
 2 2
 Energy conversion

 E1  I1    E2  I 2   g  H  h

p c2  p w2  2  R 2 
EI    g  z      g  z 
 2  2 2 

c 2 w2  2  R 2 c 2 w2 u 2
EI      
2 2 2 2 2 2

u   r

c w
 cu u   r

cm c w

w 2 wu2 wm2  u  cu 
2
2 2 2 cm2
c c c    
  u m
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 
w2 u 2 cu2 cm2
  u  cu  
2 2 2 2

c 2 w2 u 2 cu2 cm2 u 2 cu2 cm2 u 2

EI        u  cu   
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

EI  u  cu

 E1  I1    E2  I 2   g  H  h  u1  cu1  u2  cu 2
 Euler’s pump and
turbine equation

u 1  c u1  u 2  c u 2
h 
gH
Velocity Triangles for a
Radial Turbine

u1
c1 w
1

u2

c2 w2
 Velocity triangles for an
axial turbine

Guidevanes

Runnerblades
 c

w1 c1
u1


u2
c2
w2
Velocity Triangles for a
Radial Pump
w1
c1
u1

w2 c1
u2
 SVARTISEN

u1=75 m/s
P = 350 MW
H =?m
c1 w1 Q* = 71,5 m3/S
1 = 63o D0 = 4,86 m
D1 = 4,31m
h = 96 % D2 = 2,35 m
cm1 = 13,9 m/s B0 = 0,28 m
n = 333 rpm
cu1 = 68 m/s