Professional Documents
Culture Documents
METHODOLOGY
Ph.D Program
01 Descriptive Research
02 Exploratory Research
03 Causal Research
Advantages:
• Low cost
• Convenience
• No bias responses
• Sampling–internal link
Disadvantages:
• Very low response rate
• Ability of respondent to answer survey
Advantages:
• It is more flexible in comparison to mailing method
• It is faster than other methods of survey. It is a quick
way of obtaining the information
• It is relatively cheaper
• It can cover reasonably large numbers of people or
organisations with wide geographic coverage
Disadvantages:
• This kind of survey is often connected with selling.
• The questionnaire must be short and questions must be
simple and straightforward, otherwise respondents may
refuse to answer them.
• Surveys are restricted to respondents who have
telephone facilities.
• Repeat calls are inevitable—average 2.5 calls to get
someone.
Dr.Sui Reng Liana Ph.D
MIBA
Telephone Survey (cont.)
• Time is wasted.
• Respondent has little time to think before answering
each question over the phone.
• It is not possible to use visual aids.
• Too many questions or disturbance in the telephone
connection may cause irritation to the respondents.
• Not suitable for intensive surveys where
comprehensive answers are required to various
questions.
Advantages:
• Cost saving
• Ease of editing/analysis
• Faster transmission time
• Easy use of pre-letters
• Higher response rate
• More candid responses
• Potentially quicker response time with wider
magnitude of coverage
Disadvantages:
• Sample demographic limitations
• Lower levels of confidentiality
• Layout and presentation issues
• Additional orientation/instructions
• Response rate