A LESSON FROM THE

WORLD:
TOWARDS A BETTER FUTURE FOR
INDONESIA’S RESIDENTIAL
GREYWATER REUSE
ICP Symposium (KWR Watercycle Research Institute)
Putri Handayani – 6221203 -WSM
Hello!
I am Putri
You can find me at:
p.putrihandayani@students.uu.nl
or
putri129@gmail.com

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 “
Thousands have lived without love,
not one without water.
― W. H. Auden

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Outline

▷ Background information
▷ Present situations
▷ From health risk, treatment systems
to benefits
▷ Discussion
▷ Conclusion & recommendation

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 1.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION

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Absence/lack of
wastewater
treatment

 High potential water resources

Cost  only 6% has been used
Regulations (UN, 2017)
Public acceptance  Grey- and blackwater treatment
system is not common (Mubin,
2016)
 Regulations (only to avoid
infiltration up to the surface)
 Aim:
to investigate what Indonesia can learn from global case
studies of the greywater treatment application in a household
looking at the mentioned challenges facing Indonesia

Research questions:
What is the main effect on human health when exposed to
direct greywater?

What are the types of greywater treatment systems that

would possible to be implemented in Indonesia?

How could the greywater treatment systems contribute to

reduce the cost of the water bill and decrease freshwater
consumption in a household?

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 2.
PRESENT SITUATIONS

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Developed

Developing
▷ > 65 million household
▷ 13 WWTP only in big cities (2017)
▷ > 50 million people  no access to
basic sanitation; 20% excrete in
open air/ use river to defecate
▷ Regulation (Ministry of Health no.
3/2014)  treatment is only limited
to avoid the discharged wastewater
infiltrates up to the surface
▷ 60% pollutant in 26 cities and 32
rivers  from household
wastewater
▷ public doubt; long-time doctrine
from private water bottle company;
halal status
 3.
FROM HEALTH RISK, TREATMENT
SYSTEMS TO BENEFITS

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 Health risk

When exposed by direct/untreated grey water

 High presence of FC  240 to 2.9x1013

cfu/100ml
 Diarrhea  2nd most occurrences after TBC
 From 1,725 case  34 died
 Diarrhea  main cause of child death
(0-5 years old)

greywater
treatment system
is needed
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 Possible types of greywater treatment system

Interior Customized Sand filtration

Greywater System & chlorine shoot,
(ICGS), Taiwan Oman

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Sand filter vs ICGS

Cost Payback
(Installment & Saving Cost
Maintenance) Period
Sand Filter
& Chlorine US $1058 / US $572 /
± IDR 15,108,000 ± IDR 8,130,000  2 years
Shoot
(Oman)
ICGS US $625 / US $137 /
± IDR 8,890,000 ± IDR 1,950,000  5 years
(Taiwan)

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Benefit estimation

33%
Annual freshwater demand, reduced!

6112,1 IDR
Monthly water bill, reduced!

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 4.
DISCUSSION

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▷ FC in Indonesia  access of basic
sanitation (at least 1 house, 1
closed toilet), habits (involuntary
ingestion, not washing hands), and
total children per household 
feces and urine residues stick on
children clothes
▷ monthly cost per household :
○ ± IDR 1,259,000 (sand filter) and ± Affordable
IDR 740,834 (ICGS) VS average ( i f , t h e r e ’s
minimum wages per capita of ± IDR subsidy)
2,000,000
▷ 33% decrease of freshwater needs
a year  reduces water bill & could
shortening payback period
 5.
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

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Lastly,
👉 There are benefits! But, we need to convince people!
The ministries provide legal framework of reusing
treated greywater in a household
Widely inform people of greywater halal status (by
the Indonesian Council of Ulama)
Releasing public from a doctrine regarding the quality
of treated greywater
Subsidy provided by central government (on system
installation)  could convince people more
Promote a treatment system (gives discount and or
allows purchasing by installments)

 Minimizing Waste  Making The Most Of Resources  19

Thanks!
Any questions?