Examples of Faults On Combustion Pressure3

Examples of Faults on
Combustion Pressure
Actual vs. Reference Curve
Comparison
Pressure
(bar)
Pmax
90
•
80
70
60
50
Pmax
40
Pcomp
30 Pexp
20
Pscav
10
-140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 TDC 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 160
Crank Angle (degrees)
Cylinder Pressure Curve

Pressure
Actual
Actual Curve: Reference Curve:
MIP
p(ind) : : LowLow MIP
p(ind) : : Normal
Normal Possible Fault:
n(rpm) : : - -
RPM RPM
n(rpm) : : Normal
Normal
p(max) : : Low
Pmax Low p(max) : : Normal
Pmax Normal • Worn or defective
p(cmp) : : Low
Pcomp Low p(cmp) : : Normal
Pcomp Normal piston rings
p(exp) : : Low
Pexp Low p(exp) : : Normal
Pexp Normal
p(s) : : - -
Pscav p(s) : : Normal
Pscav Normal • Burnt piston crown
a(max) : : - -
Pmax a(max) : : Normal
Pmax Normal • Worn liner
Load : : Low
Load Low Load : : Normal
Load Normal
-140o -120o -100o -80o -60o -40o -20o TDC 20o 40o 60o 80o 100o 120o 140o 160o 180o Crank Angle
Pressure
Curve:
Curve:
p(ind)
MIP :: High High p(ind) : : Normal
MIP Normal Exhaust Temp. High
n(rpm)
RPM :: -- n(rpm) : : Normal
RPM Normal Possible Fault:
p(max)
Pmax :: -- p(max) : : Normal
Pmax Normal
p(cmp)
Pcomp :: -- p(cmp) : : Normal
Pcomp Normal • Leaking fuel valve
p(exp)
Pexp :: High High p(exp) : : Normal
Pexp Normal nozzle
p(s)
Pscav :: -- p(s) : : Normal
Pscav Normal
a(max)
Pmax :: -- a(max) : : Normal
Pmax Normal
Load
Load :: High High Load : : Normal
Load Normal
Pressure

p(ind) : - p(ind) : Normal Possible Fault:
n(rpm) : - n(rpm) : Normal
p(max) : Low p(max) : Normal • Fuel pump timing
p(cmp) : - p(cmp) : Normal too retarded
p(exp) : High p(exp) : Normal
p(s) : - p(s) : Normal
a(max) : High a(max) : Normal
Load : - Load : Normal
Pressure

p(ind) : Slightly Low p(ind) : Normal Exhaust Temp. High
n(rpm) : - n(rpm) : Normal Possible Fault:
p(max) : Low p(max) : Normal
p(cmp) : - p(cmp) : Normal • Leaking fuel pump
p(exp) : High p(exp) : Normal suction valve
p(s) : - p(s) : Normal • Worn fuel pump
a(max) : High a(max) : Normal
Load : Slightly Low Load : Normal
Pressure

p(ind) : Possible High p(ind) : Normal Possible Fault:
n(rpm) : - n(rpm) : Normal
p(max) : High p(max) : Normal • Fuel pump timing
p(cmp) : - p(cmp) : Normal too advanced
p(exp) : Low p(exp) : Normal
p(s) : - p(s) : Normal
a(max) : Low a(max) : Normal
Load : Possible High Load : Normal
Pressure

p(ind) : p(ind) : Normal
n(rpm) : n(rpm) : Normal
p(max) : p(max) : Normal
p(cmp) : p(cmp) : Normal
p(exp) : p(exp) : Normal
p(s) : p(s) : Normal
a(max) : a(max) : Normal
Load : Load : Normal
Measured and Calculated
Parameters and Pressure
Curves
Injection Pressure Curve
Pressure
1000 (bar)
900
p(inj)
800
700 p(opn)
600
500
a(opn)
400
300
200
100 l(inj)
-15o -12.5o -10o -7.5o -5o -2.5o TDC 2.5o 5o 7.5o 10o 12.5o 15o 17.5o 20o Crank Angle
(degrees)
Calculated Parameters:
p(inj): Maximum fuel injection pressure

p(opn): Fuel injection pressure when
nozzle opens
a(opn): Angle where p(opn) occurs
(nozzle opens)
l(inj): Fuel injection duration
Fuel Pressure Curve at Full Load
(approximate)
Fuel
Pressure
(bar)
F C
p(inj)
B
p(opn)


P
P
G D
E
A a(opn)
Pa
-20o -10o 0o 10o 20o 30o Crank Angle

A - Pump spill valve closes (approx. 8o BTDC)
= a(pmp)
B - Fuel valve opens (approx. 4o BTDC) =
p(opn) and a(opn)
C - Spill valve opens (approx. 12o BTDC)
D - Fuel valve closes (approx. 16o BTDC)
E - Reflected pressure wave due to fuel valve
closing
F - Partial equilibrium = p(inj) and a(inj)
G - Injection period = l(inj)
P/ - Rate of fuel pressure rise before fuel
valve opens = r(pmp)
Pa- Residual fuel pressure
Examples of Faults on Injection
Pressure
Actual vs. Reference Curve
Comparison
Pressure
Actual Curve: Reference Curve: Possible Fault:

p(inj) : Low p(inj) : Normal • Fuel pump index
p(opn) : - p(opn) : Normal setting too low
a(opn) : - a(opn) : Normal
l(inj) : Low l(inj) : Normal
Pressure

p(inj) : Low p(inj) : Normal • Fuel valve nozzle
p(opn) : - p(opn) : Normal worn or damaged
l(inj) : - l(inj) : Normal • Fuel viscosity too
low
Pressure

p(inj) : High p(inj) : Normal • Choked fuel valve
p(opn) : - p(opn) : Normal nozzle
l(inj) : - l(inj) : Normal • Fuel viscosity too
high
Pressure

p(inj) : - p(inj) : Normal • Fuel pump timing
p(opn) : - p(opn) : Normal too retarded
a(opn) : Low a(opn) : Normal
Pressure

p(inj) : - p(inj) : Normal • Fuel pump timing
p(opn) : - p(opn) : Normal too advanced
a(opn) : High a(opn) : Normal
l(inj) : High l(inj) : Normal
Pressure
Reference Curve:
p(inj) : Normal Possible Fault:
Actual Curve: p(opn) : Normal
p(inj) : High • Fuel pump index
a(opn) : Normal setting too high
p(opn) : - l(inj) : Normal
a(opn) : -
l(inj) : High
Pressure
Low rate ofFault:

Possible pressure rise
p(inj) : - p(inj) : Normal •Possible
Fuel valveFaultspring
p(opn) : Low p(opn) : Normal settingFueltooPump
• Worn low
a(opn) : High a(opn) : Normal
l(inj) : High l(inj) : Normal •• Fuel valvevalve
Leaking spring
on fuel
broken
pump
Pressure
Possible Fault
p(inj) : - p(inj) : Normal • Fuel valve spring setting
p(opn) : Low p(opn) : Normal too low
a(opn) : High a(opn) : Normal • Fuel valve spring broken
l(inj) : High l(inj) : Normal
Pressure

p(inj) : - p(inj) : Normal • Fuel valve spring
p(opn) : High p(opn) : Normal setting too high
a(opn) : Low a(opn) : Normal

Examples of Faults On Combustion Pressure3

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Examples of Faults on

Cylinder Pressure Curve

Actual Curve: Reference Curve:

Actual Curve: Reference Curve:

Actual Curve: Reference Curve:

Actual Curve: Reference Curve:

p(inj): Maximum fuel injection pressure

-20o -10o 0o 10o 20o 30o Crank Angle

Actual Curve: Reference Curve: Possible Fault:

Actual Curve: Reference Curve: Possible Fault:

Actual Curve: Reference Curve: Possible Fault:

Actual Curve: Reference Curve: Possible Fault:

Actual Curve: Reference Curve: Possible Fault:

Low rate ofFault:

Actual Curve: Reference Curve: Possible Fault:

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