Advance Fluid Mechnaics (Practical)

ENGR.Abdul Jabbar

Experiment # 07
SPECIFIC ENERGY CURVE FOR AN OPEN CHANNEL WITH SUBCRITICAL
AND SUPERCRITICAL FLOW
Object:
 
To draw specific energy curve for an open channel with subcritical
and supercritical flow

Apparatus:
 
Perspex-sided Tilting flume S-4; stop watch.

Theory:
Specific energy
Specific energy of a flowing liquid may be defined as its energy per unit weight (say per kg) with
reference to datum passing through bottom of the channel.
 Mathematically:
E = y + v2 / 2g
where
y = Depth of flow
v = Velocity of flow

Types of depths in a flow

1) Normal depth
Normal depth is the depth of flow that would occur if the flow was uniform and steady.
Denoted by  yn
2) Critical Depth
Critical depth is defined as the depth of flow where energy is at a minimum for a particular discharge.
Denoted by  yc  
Types of flow with respect to Normal and Critical depth
1) Subcritical flow
Actual depth is greater than yc and yn
velocity is less than supercritical flow
2) Supercritical Flow
actual depth is less than both yc and yn
Velocity is more than subcritical flow

But if actual depth is between yc and yn, flow can be either subcritical or supercritical

Procedure:
Adjust the bed of the flume to become horizontal
Adjust yg to 20mm (say)
Adjust sluice gate so that y0 = 230 mm (say)
Measure Q, yg, y0 and y1
Repeat for other values of yg in the range from 20 mm to 40 mm
(Q 66
(v10359v1)2))02)2q2 v1202
 b874.)g 9)yy10 
(72
1962
1962 2g
10
Observation and Calculation
Graphs:
Plot:- E0 against y0
E1 against y1
The End

 Any question