STATISTICS

Superviser: Azhy Akram

Prepared by: Mustafa Nuh Sleman
Umed khdr Muhammed
 Introduction
• In the modern world of computers and information technology, the importance of
statistics is very well recognized by all the disciplines.
• Statistics has originated as a science of statehood and found applications slowly and
steadily in
o Agriculture,
o Economics,
o Commerce,
o Biology,
o Medicine,
o Industry,
o Planning, education and so on.
• As on date there is no other human walk of life, where statistics cannot be applied.
 Origin and Growth of Statistic
• The word (Statistics) seems to have been derived from the Latin
word STATUS or the Italian word statista or the german word statistik
each of which means a (Political state).

• Statistics is concerned with scientific methods for

 collecting,
 organising,
 summarising,
 presenting and analysing data
 as well as deriving valid conclusions and making reasonable
decisions on the basis of this analysis.
 Meaning of Statistics

• The word ‘ statistic’ is used to refer to

Numerical facts, such as the number of people living in
particular area.
The study of ways of collecting, analysing and interpreting the
facts.
 Definition by A.L.Bowley

• “Statistics are numerical statement of facts in any

department of enquiry placed in relation to each other.”
• “Statistics may be rightly called the scheme of averages.”
Definition by Croxton and Cowden

• “Statistics may be defined as the science of collection,

presentation analysis and interpretation of numerical data
from the logical analysis.”
1. Collection of Data
2. Presentation of data
3. Analysis of data
4. Interpretation of data
 Functions of Statistics

1. Condensation
2. Comparison
3. Forecasting
4. Estimation
 Scope of Statistics

1. Statistics and Industry

2. Statistics and Commerce
3. Statistics and Agriculture
4. Statistics and Economics
5. Statistics and Education
6. Statistics and Planning
7. Statistics and Medicine
8. Statistics and Modern applications
 Limitations of Statistics

Statistics is not suitable to the study of qualitative phenomenon1

Statistics does not study individuals
Statistics laws are not exact
Statistics table may be misused
Statistics is only, one of the methods of studying a problem
 Types of statistics
• Descriptive statistics :use to organize and describe a sample
/population

• Inferential statistics :use to extrapolate (estimate ) from a sample to

larger population
 ?Why Statistics
• To develop an appreciation for variability and how it effect
product ,process and system.
• It is estimating the present ; predicting the future.
• Study methods that can be used to solve problems ,build
knowledge.
• Statistics make data into information.
• Develop an understanding of some basic ideas of statistical
reliability , stochastic process (probability concepts) .
• Statistics is very important in every aspects of society
(Govt., People or Business)
 Refrence

• www.investopedia.com
• www.statisticshowto.com
• www.economicsdiscussion.net