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media and
global
communication

Relative clauses
Relative clauses

Relative clauses allow you to give additional information about

something without starting another sentence, and repeating words.
A. Victims of cyberbullying have things posted about them on the
Internet.
B. These things will haunt them forever.

Joining sentences A. and B. results in sentence C. , which includes a

relative clause beginning with the pronoun which.

C. Victims of cyberbullying have things posted about them on the

Internet, which will haunt them forever.
Relative clauses
Relative pronouns

Relative pronouns
determiners/ adverbs Use

which to refer to things/ animals or situations

who to refer to people
that to refer to things/ animals, situations and people
whose to refer to possession
where to refer to places
Relative clauses
Defining clauses

 Define the noun(s) by giving essential information

 Are not separated by commas
 Can be introduced by the pronoun “that”
Teens who/ that spend too much time surfing the Net can become
addicted to it.
 The pronouns “who” or “which” can be omitted when it replaces
the object
I read the ebook which I bought online.
Relative clauses
Non-defining clauses

 Do not define the noun(s) and only provide extra information

(which can be omitted)
 Are separated from the other clause by commas
 Can never be introduced by “that”

Jackie, who is only 13 years old, was harassed by a cybercriminal.

Fill in the gaps with the correct relative pronoun, determiner
or adverb.

1.James Stevens, ______

whosuffered from cyberbullying, created his own
blog about it.

2.Social networks, ______ avoid face-to-face communication, are very

which
popular among Teens.

3.That chair over there, ______

where she spent so many hours surfing the
net, is now empty. She travellled to France.

4.John, ______
whoseFacebook account was cancelled, is ready to sue who
did it.
 Join the following sentences by means of a relative
pronoun.

1. He rejected my friend request on Facebook. This was very rude of

him.
He rejected my friend request on Facebook, which was very rude of him
_________________________________________________________
__.

2.
John,
John
whosemust
listbe
of Facebook
a famous friends
person.isHis
huge,
listmust
of Facebook
be a famous
friends
person
is
huge.
________________________________________________________.
Samantha, who is a netaholic, spends 6 hours a day surfing the net
3. Samantha is a netaholic. She spends 6 hours a day surfing the net.
_________________________________________________________
__.
Our school website, where I do most of my researches, is very interesting
4. Our school website is very interesting. I do most of my researches
there.
________________________________________________________.