EXTRA EMBRYONIC

EXTRA EMBRYONIC MEMBRANE OF

THE EUTHERIAN MAMMALS

By:
 Intan Khoerunnisa (B1B018037)
 Puti Jasmine Mutiara Arisca (B1B018039)
 Yunita Ayu Larasati (B1B018040)
 Furidian Khairunissa (B1B018041)
 Salsabila Septiani (B1B018042)
 M. Fuad Fajrushobah (B1B018043)
EUTHERIA IS THE LARGEST SUBCLASS OF MAMMALS. AND, THIS
SUBCLASS INCLUDES MAMMALS THAT GIVE BIRTH TO
CHILDREN WHO ARE ANATOMICALLY COMPLETE. THEY
USUALLY HAVE A LONGER GESTATIONAL AGE. IN ADDITION,
THEY HAVE A COMPLETE OR CORRECT PLACENTA TO TREAT A
DEVELOPING FETUS IN THE UTERUS

One type of mammal is Eutheria. One type of Eutheria is a mouse (Mus musculus).
According to Gabrielli & Daniela (2013) in mouse fetuses (Mus musculus) the
extraembrionic membrane consists of amnion, chorion, saccus violins, and allantois.
There is the placenta as tissue or a tool to attach the embryo to the uterus. The placenta
is a special extra-embryonal membrane that is owned by mammals. But not all classes
of mammals have the placenta as a Monotremate. As the embryo and placenta grow,
the torso extends and narrows to the umbilical cord that connects the embryo to the
placenta.
EXTRAEMBRIONIC MEMBRANE IN EUTHERIAN:

-AMNION
-CHORION DIFFERENTIATE INTO PLACENTA
- ALLANTOIS DIFFERENTIATE INTO PLACENTA
AMNION IS A MEMBRANE THAT IMMEDIATELY ENCLOSES THE EMBRYO, IN THE
FORM OF A THIN SAC FILLED WITH FLUID AND THE EMBRYO CAN FREELY
MOVE INSIDE IT. THE AMNION CONSTITUENT LAYER IS SOMATOPLEURE WITH
ECTODERM INSIDE AND OUTSIDE SOMATIC MESODERM. AMNIOTIC
FORMATION IS IN LINE WITH INTRA-EMBRYO SEPARATION FROM EXTRA
EMBRYOS (SOEMINTO, 2002). AMNION FUNCTIONS AS A PROTECTIVE EMBRYO
AGAINST DROUGHT, ANTIDOTES, INTRAUTERINE TEMPERATURE REGULATION,
AND ANTI-ADHESION. THE AMNIOTIC SAC IS TORN WHEN IT HATCHES (SHENG
& FOLEY, 2013).
 Vivipar and ovipar have four extra-embryonal membranes, but there are some modifications to the
extra-embryonal membrane that are owned by viviparous animals. Eutheria mammals belong to the
group of viviparous animals. Viviparous animals do not have saccus vittelinus, that is because the
embryo grows in the mother's womb, the distribution of nutrients is directly carried out by the mother
through the umbilical cord, the vivipar umbilical cord is a differentiation from the allantoic layer. In
addition to providing nutrition, the umbilical cord also exchanges embryonic residues. The next
difference is that the chorion will differentiate into the placenta, the placenta functions as a temporary
lung, intestine, and kidney for the fetus (Sarini et al., 2017).
 according to Billington (1992), the placenta also plays a role in the development of the
mother's immune response during implantation. Paternal antigens from trophoblast cells come
into direct contact with maternal tissue, where the tissue is where the immune recognition
process occurs. In mammals, the placenta in fetal development during pregnancy, part of its
immune regulation is controlled by the mother's response to embryonic antigens.
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