Understanding Business

Communication
Dr. Nandita Choudhury
Nature and Scope
“ Once a human being has arrived on this earth,
communication is the largest single factor determining what
kinds of relationships he makes with others and what
happens to him”
___ Virginia Sinclair 1916-88
US psychoanalyst and therapist
The Communication Process

Shannon Weaver Model

Elements of the Model
 An information source, which produces a
message.
 A transmitter, which encodes the message into
signals
 A channel, to which signals are adapted for
transmission
 A receiver, which 'decodes' (reconstructs) the
message from the signal.
 A destination, where the message arrives.
Features
It is a two-way process by which information is transmitted
between individuals and/or organisations so that an
understanding may develop among them.
It is a continuous process of meaningful interactions among
persons in an organisation that results in meanings being
perceived and understood in a desired way.
The role of the receiver and the sender keeps changing in the
entire communication activity.
It includes verbal and non-verbal forms.
Communication skills are generally understood to be an art or
technique of persuasion through the use of oral, written and
non-verbal features.
Levels

The type of communication a

person has with himself, thus the
prefix “intra-” which means within.

As soon as a human being awakens,

he begins an internal thought
process and dialogue, almost always
silent, but sometimes aloud.
Levels
Interpersonal
communication takes place
between two people.

This type of
communication varies
depending on the
relationship between the
two individuals.
Levels
Group
Communication

Group communication
occurs when three or
more individuals, who
have a common goal,
interact either formally
or informally.
Levels
Public Communication

Public communication takes

place when one or more
individuals communicate with
a large group in a more “one-
directional” approach.
Levels
Mass Communication

Mass communication occurs when

extremely large groups receive
information, like a television
audience watching a news
broadcast, as well as the
intermittent commercial
advertising.
Flows of Communication
Horizontal
Vertical
 Upward
 Downward

Crosswise
Spiral
External
Types of communication network
The cycle network
The chain network
The wheel network
The connected network
Types of communication network
Sections or
departments
communicate with only
two others.
The network may occur
between middle
managers at the same
level.
Decision making may be
slow and poor as it lacks Cycle
coordination.
Types of communication network
One person passes
information to others
who then passes it on.
It is a formal approach
adopted by a hierarchical Chain
organization fro downward
and upward
communication.
But people at the bottom
may feel isolated; lateral
communication is not
encouraged.
Types of communication network
A person, group or
department
occupies the central
position in the
network.

Wheel It is good at solving

problems, such as
regional sales
networks with a
regional manager.
Types of communication network
This network is the ‘all
channel 'communication
system which may be
used in small group
workings.

It can provides the best

Connected solutions to complex
problems through
brainstorming.
But decision making is
slow.
Barriers
Noise
Noise—anything that
distracts from effective
communication; some form
of noise is always present
Physical noise
distractions
originating in the
communication
environment.
Physiological noise
distractions originating in the
bodies of communicators—
cold, headache, hunger, fatigue.
Psychological noise
distractions originating in the thoughts
of communicators—anxiety,
daydreaming, worry.