INTRODUCTION TO THE

STUDY OF GLOBALIZATION
 TOPIC OUTLINE

• Defining the “Contemporary”

• Approaches to the Study of Globalization
• Defining “Globalization”
• Globalization and Its Structures
 DEFINING
“CONTEMPORARY”
 DEFINING “CONTEMPORARY”

• There is this assumption that it need not to be asked – that it must

already be understood.

• It is complex – people have dissenting views of “present”, “today”,

and “now”
 DEFINING “CONTEMPORARY”

• In colloquial terms, “modern” and “contemporary” are considered as

synonymous.
WHAT IS SOCIAL SCIENCE?
“ALL EXPRESSIONS OF HUMAN CULTURE
ARE RELATED AND INTERDEPENDENT”
BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
THE TASK OF DEFINING “GLOBALIZATION”

Literatures about globalization can be classified into two:

(A)BROAD AND INCLUSIVE

“…globalization means the onset of the borderless world” (Ohmae

1992)
• “Globalization is the moment of mass migration, multiculturalism
and cosmopolitanism” (Szeman 2003)

• “…it is nothing but ‘recolonization’ in a new garb” (Neeraj 2001)

 THE TASK OF DEFINING “GLOBALIZATION”
(B) NARROW AND EXCLUSIVE

“the characteristics of the globalization trend include the

internationalizing of production, the new international division of labor,
new migratory movements from South to North, and the
internationalizing of the state…making states into agencies of the
globalizing world” (RAWOO Netherlands Development Assistance
Research Council 2000)
• “…globalization is, au fond, a continuation, albeit in an intensified
and accelerated form, of the perduring challenge of modernization.
On the cultural level, this has been the great challenge of pluralism:
the breakdown of taken-for-granted traditions and the opening up of
multiple options for beliefs, values and lifestyles. It is not a distortion
to say that this amounts to the great challenge of enhanced freedom
for both individuals and collectivities” (Berger 2002)
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

ECONOMIC POLITICAL

Globalization

SOCIAL
 COMPLEXITY IN DEFINING
“GLOBALIZATION”

• Why are we going to spend time studying the concept?

• How can we appreciate these definitions?
• How can these help us understand globalization?
1. THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE
PERSON WHO DEFINES
GLOBALIZATION SHAPES ITS
DEFINITION.
“Globalization is a ‘world of things’ that have ‘different speeds, axes,
points of origin and termination, and varied relationships to
institutional structures in different regions, nations, or societies”
(Appadurai 1996)

Al Rholdan (2006) wrote that definitions suggest the perspective of the

author on the origins and the geopolitical implications of globalization.
2. GLOBALIZATION IS THE DEBATE AND
THE DEBATE IS GLOBALIZATION.
“The literature stemming from the debate on globalization has
grown in the last decade beyond any individual’s capability of
extracting a workable definition of the concept. In a sense, the
meaning of the concept is self-evident, in another, it is vague
and obscure as its reaches are wide and constantly shifting.
Perhaps, more than any other concept, globalization is the
debate about it” (Poppi 1997)
3. GLOBALIZATION IS A REALITY.
 THE TASK OF DEFINING
“GLOBALIZATION” AS A CONCEPT
Conclusion
 WHAT
GLOBALIZATION
MEANS
WHAT GLOBALIZATION MEANS

• It is taken primarily as an economic process.

 1. IT IS DEFINED AS THE
RECOGNITION BY ORGANIZATIONS
THAT BUSINESS MUST HAVE A
GLOBAL, NOT LOCAL FOCUS.
2. IT REFERS TO A NEW PERSPECTIVE, OR
ATTITUDE, ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS WITH
OTHER PEOPLE IN OTHER NATIONS.
FACTORS IN THE PHENOMENON OF
GLOBALIZATION
(Stoner et al. 1995)
 1. PROXIMITY

• Organizations now operate in much closer proximity than ever

before to a greater number and range of customers, competitors,
supplies and government regulators.
 2. LOCATION

• The location and integration of an organization’s operations

across several international boundaries is a part of globalization.
 3. ATTITUDE

• Globalization refers to the rising attitude that combines a curiosity

about the world outside one’s national borders with a willingness to
develop the capabilities for participating in the global economy.
 STEGER 2014

“the expansion and intensification of

• Globalization as

social relations and consciousness across world-time

and across world-space”
 DANUG & CAMPANILLA 2004

“the process through which an

• Globalization is defined as

increasingly flow of ideas, people, goods and

services, technology, and capital leads to the
integration of economics and societies unprecedented
in effect and outcomes”
 ACTIVITY 1.3
• The class will be divided into four (4) groups.
• Each group will enumerate three (3) of the most recent songs they have listened.
They are required to sing the chorus of each song.
• After singing the song, each group is required to answer the following questions:
a. Where did they originate? Identify the nationality of the writer and/or artist
for each music.
b. What gadgets or devices do you usually use to listen to music?
c. Where were these gadgets or devices made? Where is the company
based?
d. How did you access these music? Did you purchase them online or listen
to them through YouTube, Spotify and other channels?