PETROLEUM

INDUSTRIES
BY:
MUHAMMAD AL-BAIHAQI BIN MOHD RAFIDI
(55102118030)
MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN MUHAMMAD SUBRI
(55102118032)
PLANT UTILITY EQUIPMENT

1.WATER
- Fire water
- Portable water
- Cooling water
- Utility water
- Boiler water
FIRE WATER
-supply water to the plant area distribution system in the event of a fire or
hydrocarbon release

PORTABLE WATER
- Clean treated water
- used for safety shower, eye wash stations. Sanitary facilities and personal
consumption

COOLING WATER
- used to cool down temperature using cooling tower

UTILITY WATER
- supplied to the plant distribution system

BOILER FEED WATER

- Consist of demineralized water and condensate recovery section
PLANT UTILYTY EQUIPMENT

2. STEAM SYSTEM
- Used to generating and supplying steam at
three pressure level (HP,MP,LP)
- Provide powerful source of energy to industry
3. FLARE SYSTEM
- Used for burning off flammable gas released by
pressure relief valve
- Also often used for the planned combustion of
gases over relatively short periods.
 BASIC OPERATION
REFINING
- crude oil is refined to produce different petroleum products like
gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.
- crude oil is heated and introduced into the distillation tower
- In the tower, oil is broken down into various petroleum products.
- The higher the level of refining, more complex the refinery.
CRACKING
- cracks longer hydrocarbon chains to smaller ones by using heat and
pressure
REFORMING
- uses a catalyst and alkylation re-arranges molecules to produce high
value lighter products.
 MAINTENANCE AVTIVITY
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
- depends on the probability of failure and the consequences of a
potential failure
- The purpose is to eliminate unnecessary inspection and repair tasks
and reduce maintenance costs
- Examples of the maintenance is cleaning, tightening bolts and
changing oil or lubricating equipment
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE
- prevent unscheduled shutdowns by predicting damage and failures
before they occur
- can be done through inspection methods or utilizing sensors to
collect data and measure the current condition of equipment during
operation
- installing predictive maintenance measures can be costly, the result
of such an investment shows an overall reduction in maintenance
costs and facility downtime.
CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE
- performed on equipment in order to restore a failing piece of
equipment back to its operating conditions
- Example of corrective maintenance repairs include welding,
sealing, adjusting fixtures
 SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES
STEP 1= A COMPREHENSIVE LIST
- A checklist with every piece of equipment involved
- Every stakeholder should examine this list to ensure nothing is
missing.
- As example motors, piping, pump, and valve
- This checklist should be periodically updated to add equipment
installed since the last shutdown.
STEP 2= HAVE IT IN INVENTORY
- Ensure that all replacement parts, accessories and rebuilt equipment
are in stock before the shutdown
- Inventory should be up to date well before the outage date
- Environmental controls are part of this inventory, including pressure
gauges, temperature sensors and flush line components.
- Sealing equipment, such as packing, process seals, oil seals, new
lubricants and lantern rings should be in stock and prepared for
installation.
STEP 3= WITHIN CURRENT SPECIFICATION
- Double check that all equipment is within current operating
parameter specifications
- Condition changes, such as fluid temperature, flow requirement or
process fluid pH must be considered
- When assets were specified, they met the requirements of the
process at that time
STEP 4= INSPECT BEFORE INSTALLATION
- inspect all equipment before anything is installed
- Installing new components into a worn piece of equipment is
almost always counterproductive
STEP 5= PRECISE INSTALLATION
- The machine must have been shutdown precisely like manual
- A little mistake can make a big problem to the machine
 SAFETY ASPECTS DURING
SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE
TRAPPED PRESSURE
- Release trapped pressure between two closed valve or process
- Liquid trapped may release dangerous gas
FLAMMABLE GAS
- Replace flammable gas inside vessel or piping line to below its Lower
Explosive Limit
LEAKING
- There may be a leak through steam valve
- Insert a blind plate to stop process heating by steam
EMPTY THE READING
- Do not just rely on pressure gauge indication to make sure zero
- Open all available drain or vent valves to release the remaining
USE THE PERFECT EQUIPMENT
- Several equipment or pipelines are designed to be used only in
shutdown time
- Make sure you don’t use them