ORGANISATIONAL

BEHAVIOUR

UNIT – 1

INTRODUCTION TO
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

-VIJAY MASARKAR
AST. PROF. – MGT.
 Objectives

After completing this unit, you will be able to:

 Identify the importance of human element in the organization.

 Analyze how industrial psychology, scientific management thoughts,

and human relations movement ushered in the discipline of OB.

 Discuss the facets of Hawthorne experiments and their implications on

the study of Organizational Behaviour.

 Explain the importance of cultural diversity, ethical management and

corporate social responsibility today.
 Structure of the session

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Historical Development of Organizational Behaviour

1.3 Events Instrumental in the Development of OB:

 The Great Depression
 The Rise of Trade Unionism
 Hawthorne Experiments

1.4 Impact of OB on Organisational Environment

1.5 Emerging Concerns in Organizational Behaviour

Summary
 1.1 INTRODUCTION

Every Organisation has Vision, Mission and Goals.

The Goals cannot be achieved by individual or small group.

Many people need to be tied in a meaningful relationship thereby

creating an Organisational Structure.

There is constant interaction between People, Structure and

Technology resulting into work complexity

Fixed ratio of input to output cannot be applied to Human

Resources.
 What is Organisational Behaviour?

OB is the study of Human Behaviour in organisation for

improving an Organisational Effectiveness.

OB is directly concerned with the understanding, prediction and

control of Human Behaviour in Org.

Fundamental Concepts which govern OB is :

 We deal with a person as a whole
 An individual has dignity
 Behaviour of an individual is caused
 There are differences between individuals
 Organisations are social systems
 Mutuality of interest amongst organisational members.
 Challenges Facing the Workplace
Organizational Level

• Productivity
• Developing effective employees
• Global competition
• Managing in the global village

Group Level

• Working with others

• Workforce diversity Workplace

Individual Level

• Job satisfaction
• Empowerment
• Behaving ethically
 Contributing Disciplines to OB

Political
Science

Industrial
Psychology Sociology

Organisational
Anthropology Psychology
Behaviour
 1.2 Historical Development of O.B.

Contributing Disciplines :
 Psychology: motivation, personality, perception, attitude, opinion etc.

 Sociology: Leadership, group dynamics, communication, etc

 Social and Industrial Psychology: Changes in attitude and

communication pattern, group decision making, boredom, monotony, stress
etc.

 Anthropology: A study of man & his work, culture etc.

 Political Science: Conflict resolution, Group coalition, power and politics

etc.
 Behavioural Contribution Unit of Output
science analysis
Learning
Motivation
Perception
Training
Leadership effectiveness
Job satisfaction
Psychology Individual decision making
Performance appraisal
Attitude measurement
Employee selection
Work design
Work stress
Individual

Group dynamics
Work teams
Communication
Power
Conflict
Intergroup behaviour
Sociology

Formal organization theory Study of

Organizational technology Group Organizational
Organizational change Behaviour
Organizational culture

Behavioural change
Attitude change
Social psychology Communication
Group processes
Group decision making
Organization
system
Comparative values
Comparative attitudes
Cross-cultural analysis
Anthropology
Organizational culture
Organizational environment

Conflict
Political science Intraorganizational politics
Power
 The Layers of OB

The Organization

Change
Organizational culture
Decision making
The Group Leadership

Power and politics

Negotiation
Conflict
Communication
The Individual Groups and teams

Motivating self and others

Emotions
Values and attitudes
Perception
Personality
 Contd…

The specific aspects which form the subject matter of OB are

related to :

 Individual behaviour

 Interpersonal behaviour

 Small Group behaviour

 Inter-group Behaviour

 Interaction of formal and Informal Organisation

 Organisation as a total system

 Organisation as a total system

formal and Informal Organisation

Small Group & Inter-group Behaviour

Interpersonal behaviour

Individual Behaviour
 The Predecessors of OB

1. Industrial Psychology: Application of Psychological facts and

principles concerning Human Beings who are working in Business
or Industry.

2. Scientific Management Movement: Fredrick W. Taylor

advocated internal and external parity of wages and other issues,
insisted in supervisory training and introduced financial incentives.

3. Human Relations Movement: Three events cumulatively

ushered in this era:
A. The Great Depression
B. Rise of Trade Unions
C. The Howthorne experiments
 1.5 HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENTS

1) Illumination Experiments: 1924 to 1927

2) Relay Room Experiments: 1927 to 1932

3) Second Relay Room and Mica Splitting test room

experiments

4) Mass Interviewing Program: 1928 to 1930

5) Bank Wiring Room Study: Nov 1931 to May 1932

Challenges of External Environment and OB

 Organizational Behaviour studies the external

environment which influences the human
behaviour within an organization. That is why
Organizational Behaviour takes cognizance of TQM (Total
quality management), TPM (Total productivity
management) Or new concepts originating in the external
environment.

 With a rapidly changing external environment, especially in

the light of globalization led by multinational companies,
HR professionals, people who manage people at the
workplace, are facing a whole new set of challenges.
 1.6 EMERGING CONCERNS IN
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
1) Cultural Diversity and Teamwork-
Interdisciplinary, cross-functional teams are formed to bring together
all stakeholders in an organization to improve communication, increase
involvement, improve quality and efficiency, and increase productivity.

2) Ethical Management and Corporate Social Responsibility-

It’s coming to know what it right or wrong in the workplace and doing
what’s right — this is in regard to effects of products/services and in
relationships with stakeholders. Ethics in the workplace can be
managed through use of codes of ethics, codes of conduct, ethics
committees, policies and procedures, procedures to resolve ethical
dilemmas, ethics training, etc.
 SUMMARY

 Major contributors to the development of Organizational

Behaviour are industrial psychology, scientific management
movement, andhuman relations movement.

 Three factors cumulatively contributed to the rise of human

relations movement. They are the great depression, rise of trade
unionism and the Hawthorne experiments.

 The discipline of Organizational Behaviour tries to synchronise

internal organizational environment with the external social
environment.
Your Valuable feedback is solicited.

Please do write to:

vijay.masarkar@scdl.net

Thank you!

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