Organizational Behavior

Harambe University
Postgraduate Office, Online Learning
Project Management Program
Organizational Behavior
Course Code MBA: 713
Instructor : Bekele Shibru (PhD)
Email: Bekele.shibiru@harambeeuniverisity.edu.et
HRM CH 1@Bekele Shibru (PhD)
Mobile: 0912 037575 1
12/11/2022
Organizational Behavior

1 Introduction to OB
2 Individual Behavior in org.
3 Group Behavior in org.

4 Organizational Systems

5 Organizational Dynamics
Introduction to OB

Define organizational behavior

Nature, Scope and Approaches
OB relationships to other discipline
Describe Managers with
Function
Roles
Skills
Model of OB
Introduction to OB
Evolution of management thoughts
Classical theory (Three streams)
 Bureaucracy theory Weber (1900)
 Scientific management Theory Taylor (1910)
 Administrative theory Fayol (1910)
Neo-classical theory
 Human relations theory - - (1930)
 Behavioural science theory - Maslow and Mc Gregar (1940)
Modern management theory
 Contingency Theory
 System Approach to Management
 TQM
 Learning Organization
 TDWP (Technology Driven Workplace)
Chapter I: Interoduction

Organization
 is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more
people’s that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve
a common goal or set of goals.

 Organization is a purposeful system with several subsystems where

individuals (people) and activities (process) are organized to
achieve certain predetermined goals (product) through division of
labor and coordination of activities
Introduction to OB

Organizational behavior (OB) is;

• The study of human behavior in organizational settings,
• How human behavior interacts with the organization, and
• The organization itself
Organizational behavior is defined as the actions and attitudes of
people in organizations. The field of organizational behavior (OB)
covers the body of knowledge derived from these actions and attitudes
OB studies variables at three levels…the relationship among IV and DV
variables
Introduction to OB

Organizational Behavior can help managers;

Understand the complexity within organizations,
Identify problems,
Determine the best ways to correct them, and
Establish whether changes would make a
significant difference
Introduction to OB

Key elements of organization

An organization has four basic elements namely:
people, structure, technology and environment
Leader must be able to understand, describe,
predict and control individual behaviour in the
organization
Introduction to OB

Basic Approaches to OB
Human resources approach
It is concerned with the growth and development of people towards higher
levels of competency, creativity, and fulfillment
Contingency Approach
The contingency approach to organizational behaviour means that different
situations require different behavioural practices for effectiveness.
Productivity Approach
it is a measure of how efficiently one produces whatever output is desired
Introduction to OB

Characteristics of OB
Part of general management and not the whole of management
Contains a body of theory, research and application associated
with a growing concern for people at the work place
Interdisciplinary field of study.
Involves three levels of analysis: individual, group and
organization
 An action-oriented and goal-directed discipline.
 OB is both a science and an art.
Introduction to OB

Nature and Scope of OB

 Baseline definition of OB is the study of human behavior in an
organization
OB is defined as the field of study that investigates the impact that
individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within
organizations for the purpose of applying such a knowledge toward
improving organizational effectiveness
OB is therefore the science of how people behave as a member of
formal organization
Introduction to OB

Nature and Scope of OB…

OB is an applied science which acquire knowledge that can apply to enhance
the performance of the organization
Why do you study organizational behavior?
OB is widely regarded as the foundation of management studies
To understand the behavior of people working at all hierarchical levels
OB enables you to better understand how & why people are organized
To respond for emerging realities in the work-place
To initiate change in an organization
Introduction to OB
Goals of OB
Explain individual and group behavior
Predict certain behavioral response to change
Influence behavior
Six important variables (dependent variables)
Productivity...implies both efficiency and effectiveness
Popular measure of org. efficiency…ROI, profit, &output per hour of labor
Absenteeism
Turnover
Organizational citizenship
Job satisfaction
Workplace misbehavior
Introduction to OB
 Managerial functions
Introduction to OB

Management Functions
Planning means identifying goals for future
organizational performance and deciding on the
tasks and use of resources needed to attain them
The first step in planning is the selection of goals
for the organization followed by programs
establishment
Introduction to OB

Management Functions

Organizing typically follows planning and reflects

how the organization tries to accomplish the plan.
It involves assigning tasks, grouping tasks into
departments, delegating authority and allocating
resource across the organization.
Introduction to OB

Management Functions

Leading is the use of influence to motivate

employees to achieve organizational goals.
It is about creating shared culture and values,
communication goals to employees through the
organization, and infusing employees with the
desire to perform at a high level.
Introduction to OB

Management Functions
Controlling means monitoring employees’ activities
determining whether the organization is on target
toward its goals in an efficient and effective manner
Trends toward empowerment and trust of employees
have led many companies to place less emphasis on top-
down control and more emphasis on training employees
to monitor and correct themselves.
Introduction to OB

Roles of managers
Managers in general
generalist who coordinate divers tasks
facilitator to get things done through other people
network builder
work in highly interdependent manner
Mintzberg’s observation and subsequent research indicate that
diverse manager activities can be organized into ten roles
Introduction to OB
Introduction to OB
Effective vs. successful manager
Introduction to OB

Effective vs. successful manager

 A successful manager is one that rises through the organization
quickly.

 On the other hand, an effective manager is one who is able to

manage his own work and that of his team in the best way
possible, thereby helping to attain the overall strategy of the
organization
Introduction to OB

OB relationships to other discipline

Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explains, and
sometimes changes the behavior of humans and other animals.
Motivation
Personality
Perception
Psychology Leadership
effectiveness Individual
Job satisfaction
Individual decision
making
Performance appraisal
Work stress
Introduction to OB

 Sociology is the study of people in relation to their fellow human

beings.
Group dynamics
Communication
power Groups
Conflict
Intergroup behavior
Sociology

Organizational change
Organizational culture
Organization
Formal org. theory al system
Organizational
technology
Introduction to OB

 Social psychology an area within psychology that blends concepts

from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of
people on one another.

Behavioral change
Social Attitudinal change Group
psychology Communication
Group process
Group decision making
Introduction to OB

Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings

and their activities
Comparative values
Comparative
attitudes Group
Cross-cultural
Anthropology analysis

Organization
Organizational al system
culture
Organizational
environment
Introduction to OB

Other disciplines
 Political science
 Economics
 Engineering
Introduction to OB

Basic OB Model
Dependent Variables
Productivity: A performance measure that includes
effectiveness and efficiency.
Effectiveness: Achievement of goals.
Efficiency: The ratio of effective output to the input required to achieve it.
Organizational citizenship behavior
Workplace misbehavior
Introduction to OB

Basic OB Model
Absenteeism: The failure to report to work.
Turnover: The voluntary and involuntary
permanent withdrawal from an organization.
Job satisfaction: A general attitude toward one’s
job, the difference between the amount of
reward workers receive and the amount they
believe they should receive.
Introduction to OB

Independent Variables
Individual –Level Variables
Group –Level Variables
Organization level Organizational level

–Level Variables
Group

Ind. level