Smart Grid Systems Operation

Lecture 04
Adnan Yousaf
Smart Grid Systems Operation

Lecture 02
Adnan Yousaf
 Data Communication

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 Possible Components of
above model (Fig. 2.1)

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 Data Communication

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 Data Communication

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 Data Communication

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Bay
 Dedicated Communication

Differential Relay
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 Digitising a Signal

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 Modulation Techniques

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 Modulation Techniques

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Communication
Channel inside a
Substation

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 Communication Channels

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 Performance of Communication Channel

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 Performance of Communication Channel

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 In fiber optics, the numerical aperture (NA)
of an optical system is a dimensionless
number that characterizes the range of
angles over which the system can accept or
emit light.

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