Electronics Lab

Engr. Dr. Farhan Khan (instructor)

Maryam Hassan (TA/Lab Engineer)
 Lab-6: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

 Bipolar transistors are made of either silicon (Si) or germanium (Ge).

 Consists of two junction between P and N unlike single junction diode.
 PNP or NPN

two layers of n-type material separated by a layer of p type

material (npn), or of two layers of p-material separated by a
layer of n material (pnp)
PNP and NPN

 The center layer (P incase of NPN) forms the base (B) of a BJT.
 External layers form collector and emitter (C and E).
 The structure of BJT determines the polarities of any voltages applied and the direction of
the electron or conventional current flow.
 BJT symbol
 The arrow represent emitter
 The direction of arrow shows the
type (NPN or PNP) according to
the direction of current (conventional)
flow
Objectives of Lab

 Determine type of transistor (PNP or NPN)

 Determine the material (Germinium or Silicon)
 Determine and distinguish terminals of BJT as base, emitter and collector.
 Characteristics of BJT under voltage and current for various operating conditions.
 Compare the measure characteristics with published values by manufacturer.
Part 1

 For a given BJT, determine the terminals

as base, collector and emitter
 Based on the multimeter reading under
diode setting between two terminals,
 The terminals that give high readings are
C and E
 Base identification.
 Material Ge or Si identification
 Type (PNP or NPN)
Part 2: Collector characteristics

 Construct the given circuit

 Set VRB and VCE as per lab manual,
i.e., 3.3V and 2 V respectively, by
varying potentiometer.
 Record the voltages VRC and VBE
 Follow rest of the steps for various VCE
as per lab
 Determine IC and IE manual and plot IC
versus VCE for various IB
Part 3: Variation of  and 

 The ratio between Collector and Emitter current is = IC/IE

 The ratio between Collector and Base current is = IC/ IB
 For each operating condition in Part 2, calculate  and .
 Note the variations
Lab conduct

 Make the circuit as per manual

 Set the voltages VRB and VCE and vary them as per manual.
 Record your ouput voltages and currents in the table.
 Plot characterictic curves of given BJT.