Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Positioning Techniques in 3G
Networks
Pushpika Wijesinghe
Supervisor:
Prof (Mrs.) Dileeka Dias
Outline
• 3G mobile Networks
– 3G Standards
ETSI
3GPP 3GPP2 UWCC
DECT
UMTS
Basic Network Architecture
Core
Network
PS Domain
SGSN GGSN To Packet
Network
To Access
Network AuC HLR EIR
MSC
GMSC To PSTN
Network
CS Domain
Positioning Parameters
Received Signal Code Power (RSCP)
Positioning Techniques
• Simplest method
• MS position is estimated with the knowledge of serving
NodeB
• Position can be indicated as:
• Cell Identity of the serving cell
• Service Area Identity
• Location co-ordinates the serving cell
• Accuracy of the estimation depends on the coverage area
of the cells
Enhancements to Cell ID
i 1 g ( x )
i 1 i
gi ( x) f i ( x)
fi ( x) di ( xi x ) 2 ( yi y ) 2 0
Location Estimation:
- Location estimation is done according to the following
recursion
xk 1 xk x F ( xk )
x F ( xk ) t
Cell ID + RTT (Round Trip Time)
• MS's position is
determined by the
intersection of hyperbolas for
at least three pairs of Node
Bs
Source:
[3] 3GPP TS 25.215:
Standard OTDOA method
Features
• The accuracy depends on the precision of the timing
measurements
• Timing synchronizations of different NodeBs is essential
• Best results are when the Node Bs equally around the MS
Drawbacks
• Hearability Problem Serving NodeB drowns the signals
from distant NodeBs
Solution
• Get the assistance of secondary services
OTDOA method with Enhancements
OTDOA method with Enhancements
Use of Idle Periods in Down Link (IPDL)
• In UMTS NodeB transmissions are synchronously
ceased for a short period of time - Idle Period
• Terminal can measure neighbor NodeBs during Idle
Periods
• Maximizes the hearability of distant pilots
• Two techniques
– Standard IPDL
– Time Aligned IPDL (TA-IPDL)
OTDOA method with Enhancements
Use of Idle Periods in Down Link (IPDL)
Standard IPDL - Pseudo random idle slots
Features
• No impact on downlink capacity
• Median number of hearable Node Bs for CVB is
roughly double that for IPDL
• Much more robust in the presence of multipath
• Operational complexity is reduced compared with
IPDL
Use of Cumulative Virtual blanking (CVB)
1 16:26 22.8 m
2 16:43 27.6 m
3 17:11 16.9 m
4 17:13 5.7 m
5 17:16 26.2 m
Database Correlation Method (DCM)
• RTT measurement
from same NodeB is
used to limit the
number of correlation
points
• Advantages
– Avoids problems related to Multipath Propagation
• Drawbacks
– Delay Profile Measurements are not standardized in
3GPP, thus requiring software changes at the MS
– Reporting of such measurements to the location
server in the network is also not standardized
– Higher cost in creating database
Database Correlation Method (DCM)
67 % 95%
DCM 25 m 140 m
OTDOA 97 m 620 m
Pilot Correlation Method
• Based on a database with pre-measured samples of
Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) Measurements of
visible Pilots
• Database Preparation
– Area is divided into small regions (positioning
regions)
– Size of the region depends on the desired accuracy
– For each positioning region, the most probable
Common Pilot Channels’ RSCP measurements are
stored.
Pilot Correlation Method
Database Preparation
• An entry of the database contains:
– The positioning region
– Visible Common Pilot Channels
– RSCP of each pilot
• Can be created automatically from log files of
the measurement tool
Pilot Correlation Method
Location Estimation
• Measured RSCP of visible pilots are compared with all
samples stored in the database
• Least Square Method is applied for comparison
S LMS ( Si mi ) 2 i
i N i N
Test Route 67 % 95 %
Route -1 70 m 130 m
Route -2 90 m 195 m
Route -3 90 m 180 m
• 3G Mobile Networks
• Positioning Parameters in 3G Networks
• Positioning Techniques
– Enhancements to Cell ID based methods
– Time based methods
• OTDOA methods and enhancements
– Database Correlation method
– Pilot Correlation method
References
[1] http://www.three-g.net/3g_standards.html (accessed on 15.05.2007 10.30
a.m)
[2] Sumit Kasera, Nishit Narang, “3G Networks Architecture, Protocols and
Procedures”, Tata McGraw-Hill Professional Networking Series.
[3] 3GPP TS 25.215: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);
Physical layer; Measurements (FDD), version 7.1.0 Release 7.
[4] WCDMA RNP and RNO Training material, Part I and Part II, Huawei
Technologies Company limited.
[5] 3GPP TS 25.305, “UMTS; UE positioning in Universal Terrestrial Radio
Access Network (UTRAN); Stage 2,” ver. 7.1.0, Rel. 7,
http://www.3gpp.org.
[6] Jakub Borkowski , Jukka Lempi¨ainen, “Practical Network-Based
Techniques for Mobile Positioning in UMTS”, Institute of Communications
Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland.
References
[7] J. Borkowski, J. Niemel¨a, and J. Lempi¨ainen, “Performance of Cell
ID+RTT hybrid positioning method for UMTS radio networks,” in
Proceedings of the 5th European Wireless Conference, pp. 487–492,
Barcelona, Spain, February 2004.
[8] S. Ahonen and H. Laitinen, “Database correlation method for UMTS
location,” in Proceedings of the 57th IEEE Vehicular Technology
Conference, vol. 4, pp. 2696–2700, Jeju, South Korea, April 2003.
[9] J. Borkowski and J. Lempi¨ainen, “Pilot correlation method for urban
UMTS networks,” in Proceedings of the 11th European Wireless
Conference, vol. 2, pp. 465–469, Nicosia, Cyprus, April 2005.
[10] 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 doc. No R1-99b79, “Time Aligned IP-DL
positioning technique,” 1999, http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/ tsg ran/WG1
RL1/TSGR1 07/Docs/Pdfs/R1-99b79.pdf.
[11] 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 doc. No R1-00-1186, “Initial Simulation Results
of the OTDOA-PE positioning method,” 2000,
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg ran/WG1 RL1/TSGR1 16/Docs/ PDFs/R1-00
-1186.pdf
.
References
[12] 3GPP TSG-RAN Meeting No. 16, TSG RP-020372, “Software
blanking for OTDOA positioning”, June 2002, Marco Island, Florida,
USA,
[13] P. J. Duffett-Smith, M. D. Macnaughtan, “Precise UE Positioning in
UMTS Using Cumulative Virtual Blanking,”, 3G Mobile Communication
Technologies, May 2002, Conference Publication No.489.
[14] Lames J, Caffery Jr, Gordon L.Stuber, Georgia lnstitute of
Technology, “Overview of Radiolocation in CDMA Cellular Systems”,
IEEE Communications Magazine, April 1998.
[15] Jakub Borkowski, Jarno Niemelia, Jukka Lempiainen, “ Location
Techniques for UMTS Radio Netwroks”, Presentation of Reasearch
Activities, Institute of Coommunications Engineering, Tampere
university of Technology, Tampere, Finland.
[16] Jakub Borkowski , Jukka Lempiäinen, “Novel mobile-based location
techniques for UMTS”, Institute of Communications Engineering,
Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.
Questions?
Thank You