A

PRESENTATION ON

PREPARATION OF BIOFERTILIZER FROM INDIGENOUS BACTERIA FOR

Amaranthus hybridus

BY:
SODIMU, EMMANUEL O.

16/0822

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
ADELEKE UNIVERSITY EDE, OSUN STATE 1
 Outline
Introductio Justificatio
n n

Aims & Benefits of

Objectives A. hybridus

Literature
Review Results
Methodolo Discussion &
gy Conclusion

Reference
2
 Introduction
• A. hybridus is an edible Amaranths, its production in Nigeria is low and falls

short of demands (Alegbejo, 2013).

• A. hybridus are the most frequently used in parts of South–South Nigeria, it is

second most important vegetable after Corchorus olitorius (Jute leaf) in

Southwestern Nigeria.

• It yield can be increased by the application of biofertilizer (Friedland

et al., 2016).

3
 Introduction Continued

Amaranthus hybridus

 Taxonomy

 Cultivation processes

 Harvest method

4
 Justification

The current world population of 7.6 billion is expected to reach 8.6

billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100. There is a

continuing need to increase plant yield. Also, fertilizer is harmful and

PGPR is a better substitute (Lederer, 2018).

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Aim
• To prepare biofertilizer from indigenous bacteria for Amaranthus
hybridus.

Objectives
• Isolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.
• Screening of PGPR
• Paper Germination.
• Bacterization of Amaranthus hybridus seeds with single isolates.
• Pot trial.
• Statistical analysis of measured agronomical parameters.
6
Plate 1. Amaranthus hybridus (African spinach or “Efo tete”) (He et al., 2014).
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 Benefits of Amaranthus hybridus
Consumed as food

Soap production

Used as medicine

Dye production

Figure 1. Benefits of Amaranthus hybridus. (Schwerzel, 2011; He et al., 2014).

 Literature Review
Plants have always been in a symbiotic relationship with soil microbes (bacteria

and fungus) during their growth and development. The symbiotic free-living soil

microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere of many plant species and have

diverse beneficial effects on the host plant (Raza et al., 2016) through different

mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation and nodulation are generally referred to as

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR).

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 Methodology
Study site
This research was carried out in at the Department of Microbiology, Adeleke University Ede,

(Plate 3) in March, 2020 to increase the growth of African spinach or “Efo tete” (Amaranthus

hybridus). Six different bacteria isolates were explored as a strategy to promote the growth and

yields of Amarnthus hybridus. The isolates were tested and reported for the ability for IAA,

phosphate solubilization, siderophore, ammonia and HCN production, these test were carried

out at IAR&T, Ibadan, Oyo State.

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Methodology
Indole-3-
Acetic Acid

Phosphate Hydrogen
Solubilizati cyanide Ammonia
on production

Siderophore

Figure 2. Showing tests carried out on the isolate at IAR&T 11

 Procedure
Preparation of
Collection of A. nutrient agar & Preparation of
hybridus seeds isolation of nutrient broth
rhizobacteria

Seed Comparison of
Bacterization microbial cells
Centrifugation
(Weller and cook, with McFarland
1998) standard

Figure 3. Preparation of biofertilizer for Amaranthus hybridus 12

 Results
Table 1. Screening test result for plant growth promoting ability.
SCREENING TEST FOR PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ABILITIES OF ISOLATES

ISOLATES IAA HCN PHOSPHATE AMMONIA SIDEROPHORE

SOLUBILIZATIO
N
AU 1 + + + + +

AU 2 + + + + +

AU 3 + + + + +

AU 4 + + + + +

AU 5 + + + + +

AU 6 + + + + +

Keys: Positive (+), Negative (-)

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 Results for Germination of Seeds on Paper by Amaranthus hybridus
6

0
SL RL

AU1 AU2 AU3 AU4 AU5 Isolate 6 Control

Figure 4. Showing the shoot length and Root length of seeds on paper
Keys: SL: Shoot Length, RL: Root Length 14
 Results
Week 2
14

12

10

0
SL LN LL LW

AU 1 AU2 AU3 AU4 AU5 AU6 Control

Figure 5. Showing the growth changes on SL, LN, LL and LW (mm)
Keys: SL: Shoot Length, LN: Leaf Number, LL: Leaf Length, LW: Leaf Width 15
 Week 4
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
SL LN LL LW

AU1 AU2 AU3 AU4 AU5 AU6 Control

Figure 6. Showing the growth changes on SL, LN, LL and LW (mm)

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 Week 6
25

20

15

10

0
SL LN LL LW

AU1 AU2 AU3 AU4 AU5 AU6 Control

Figure 7. Showing the growth changes on SL, LN, LL and LW (mm)

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 Discussion and conclusion
AU1 has growth enhancement effect on the leafy vegetable

Amaranthus hybridus. It enhances growth parameters such as leaf

number, leaf width, leaf length, and shoot length which is in agreement

with jimtha et al (2017) because of the organism’s ability to produce

IAA, HCN, ammonia, siderophore. E.t.c.

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 Selected References
• Alegbejo J.O. (2013). Nutritional Value and Utilization of
Amaranthus (Amaranthus Spp.) – A Review. Bayero Journal of Pure
and Applied Sciences, 6(1): 136 – 143

• Raza, W., Yousaf, S., Rajer, F.U., (2016). Plant growth promoting
activity of volatile organic compounds produced by Bio-control
strains. Sci. Lett. 4 (1), 40–43.

• Schwerzel, P.J. (2011). Amaranth: a nutritious crop for the

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developing world. Farming World, 12: 3-9. 17

 Thank You
For Listening