Tentative Title:

Analyzing The Heat Vulnerability of Dhaka Metropolitan

Area

Student ID: 1305005, 1305010

Content of the Presentation

1 Introduction

2 Literature Review

3 Study area profile and

Methodology
4 Analytical Description

5 Conclusion

2
1. Background of the Study
 World’s population is increasing day by day and half
of these population converted into urban population
(Imhoff, Zhang, Wolfe, & Bounoua, 2010).
 It makes changed in urban land use, put negative
impact on the micro climate of the city area (S .E. Gill,
Handley, Ennos, & Pauleit, 2007). Over populated Urban area

 Urban heat island (UHI) is an example of this consequence. It is characterized by higher

atmospheric and surface temperatures in urbanized areas than in surrounding rural areas
(Kimuku & Ngigi, 2017).
 Human made activity and existing meteorological condition are the factors behind it.
 As a result of UHI, several heat related diseases are occurred. 3
1. Background of the Study
 For this public health effect might one of the most
significant impact and heat stroke is a common
phenomenon of this consequence.
 The old people >65 years are more vulnerable to
heat stroke (Piver, Ando, Ye, & Portier, 1999).
Negative Public health effect

 Hypothermia, diarrheal diseases, dehydration, and aggravation of cardiovascular and

respiratory diseases increased during extreme temperatures and heat waves in Bangladesh
(Shahid, 2010).
 For this, heat vulnerability is increasing day by day.

 Due to this vulnerability and increasing temperature, it will become difficult to live.
4
1. Background of the Study

 Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, considered as 2nd

mega-city of the world according to population growth
rate. It’s population is growing at the rate of 4.2%
annually (“Dhaka Population,” 2017).
 It’s land cover changed during last decade to ensure
Urban Land use
residence. As a result, it’s expanding both vertically and
horizontally by decreasing green cover and water body
(Ahmed et al., 2013).
 These expansions results in increasing of LST. The rises of temperature at summer up to
40°C or more is an example (Shahid, 2010).
5
 So, the area is becoming vulnerable to heat.
2. Aim and Objectives
Aim

To measure and provide possible solution of high risk heat vulnerable area of Dhaka
Metropolitan Area according to socio-economic and environmental aspect.

Objectives
1. To find out the heat stress vulnerability map using remote sensing technique during the
year 2000 to 2018.
2. To analyze heat vulnerability measuring heat vulnerability index on the basis of socio-
economic and environmental dimension.
3. To delineate the high risk heat vulnerable area and provide possible solution to minimize
the risk by policy and recommendation. 6
7
3. Data Source and Collection
Secondary Data
 Satellite image of Landsat 5, Landsat 7, Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2. (USGS)

Year Name of the sensor WRS path and row Source Probable Season
2000-2009 Landsat 05 137, 44 USGS Summer
2012-18 Landsat 07, 08 137, 44 USGS Summer
Probable
Year Name of the sensor Orbit Number Source 
season 
2015-2018 Sentinel-2 133 USGS Summer

 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)

8
4. Methodology
V. Methodology for objective 01
 Heat stress vulnerability map
It will be done by the following procedure given below:
 Required data
Satellite image will be used for extraction of temperatures.
 Extraction of surface temperature
By following the procedure given in the user handbook of Landsat 5, Landsat 8.
 
 Conversion to Radiance: (Values are from image metadata file)
(For Landsat 05,07)
(For Landsat 08)
9
4. Methodology
V. Methodology for objective 01 (continue)

 
 Measurement of Temperature:

Where, K1 and K2 are constant value from image metadata (NASA, 2011) and (Chander &
Markham, 2003)

10
4. Methodology

V. Methodology for objective 01 (continue)

 Identifying heat vulnerable area:

 By reviewing literature and finding out that which temperature is vulnerable that is
above 26.4℃ (Yao-Dong, 2013).

Figure 01: Methodology flow chart for objective 01 11

4. Methodology

V. Methodology for objective 02

 Required Data  Citizen over 65 years old

 Socio-economic, environmental related  Living below poverty line

 Education less than S.S.C
data  Lack of green space and lack of nearby green space

BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics)  Occupation

 Health care facility
 Heat vulnerability index
Factor analysis
Principle component analysis
Pearson’s correlation
Composite index method 12
4. Methodology
V. Methodology for objective 02 (continue)
 Pearson’s correlation:
 This method is used for finding the correlation among the variable.
 It will help to find out the multi collinearity among the variable.

 Factor analysis:
 Factor analysis will be used to find out the actual unobserved independent variable from
the observed independent variable.
 It is new independent variable derived from the observed variable based on their multi
collinearity.

(Basilevsky, 1994; Harman, 1976) 13

4. Methodology

V. Methodology for objective 02 (continue)

 Principal Components Analysis
 It is a factor extraction method used to form uncorrelated linear combinations of the
observed variables.
 The first component has maximum variance. Successive components explain progressively
smaller portions of the variance and are all uncorrelated with each other.
 These methods will help to minimize the number of independent variable which truly
reflect the data sets (Basilevsky, 1994; Harman, 1976).
 Composite index:
 This is the method of aggregating many different variables by using the mean and standard
deviation.
 After doing factor analysis, for combining the observed variable into one factor based on
their correlation composite index will be applied to combine them into the factor.
14
(Basilevsky, 1994; Harman, 1976)
4. Methodology

V. Methodology for objective 02 (continue)

 Heat vulnerability analysis and identifying high risk heat vulnerable area

 This will be done by analyzing and comparing the output of objective 1 and heat
vulnerability index.

 In both case if they are vulnerable then it will be considering as high risk heat
vulnerable area.

15
4. Methodology

V. Methodology for objective 02 (continue)

16
Figure 02: Methodology flow chart for objective 02
4. Methodology

V. Methodology for objective 03

 Delineating High risk heat vulnerable area:
High risk heat vulnerable area will be delineated by preparing high risk heat vulnerable map.
 Minimize the risk by policy and recommendation:

 Require data:

 Land cover classification:

• Supervised classification

 Land use data:

• Land use data will be collected from RAJUK. 17
4. Methodology

V. Methodology for objective 03 (continue)

 Reduction of temperature:
 This will be done by giving policy and recommendation related to land use,
vegetation, waterbody, construction material etc.
 Justification of Policy
An Example:
 There are several model for justification of the providing policy. Such as, a model
given by Villanueva-Solis (2017) which is given below:
= (Tvegetation + Avegetation) * (Tpavements + Apavements) * (Troofs + Aroofs) * (Tmisc
Amisc)
[Where, T= Temperature and A= Area.]
18
Villanueva-Solis (2017)
4. Methodology

V. Methodology for objective 03 (continue)

Figure 03: Methodology flow chart for objective 03

19
4. Methodology

20
5. Co-ordination Schema
Data collection Probable
NO. Objectives Variable and their types Method Unit
sources output
  Complex Simple Landsat 05, 07 and
To find out the heat stress
1. 08 satellite data
vulnerability map using remote  Conversion of Radiance Objective 1
will be collected °C
sensing technique during the Temperature Temperature  Conversion of Temperature achieved.
from USGS
year 2000 to 2018
website.
  Citizens over 65 years
of age  Factor analysis
  Living below poverty  Principle component
Socio-economic data line analysis
BBS
To analyze heat vulnerability   Education less than  Pearson’s Correlation.
measuring heat vulnerability   S.S.C  Composite index method. No unit. Only a
Objective 2
2. index on the basis of socio-   Occupation  Heat vulnerability index unique index
achieved
economic and environmental Health Care facility  Compare Heat value.
dimension Vulnerability Index with
Lack of green space Heat Stress Map to analyze
Sentinell-2 satellite
Environmental data and lack of nearby the maximum heat
image and NDVI.
green space vulnerable area.

Build up area  Establishment relationship Meter/sq. meter

Using Satellite
Vegetation between land cover and Meter/sq. meter
image of sentinel-2
Land use Water body Temperature. Meter/sq. meter
collected from
To delineate the high risk heat Soil  Providing policy and Meter/sq. meter
USGS website.
vulnerable area and provide others recommendation based on Meter/sq. meter
Objectives 3
3. possible solution to minimize above output.
achieved
the risk by policy and  Justification of policy by
recommendation. Using objective 1 various model like model
Temperature Temperature °C
data. given by Villanueva-Solis
(2017).

21
6. Conclusion

 In this research, most vulnerable area of Dhaka Metropolitan area due to heat will be
identified in socio-economic and environment aspect.
 Possible solution, policy and recommendation will be made to minimize this risk.

22
Thank you

23