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  • C3 Leaf Anatomy: QUESTION: What Types of Environments Would Favor C3 Only Plants? C4 Plants? Why?

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    nokate konkoor
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    The document summarizes the C4 carbon fixation pathway. It describes how C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to fix CO2 into oxaloacetate in mesophyll cells. Oxaloacetate is then transported to bundle sheath cells where it is decarboxylated, releasing high concentrations of CO2 for the Calvin cycle. While more energetically costly than C3 photosynthesis, C4 photosynthesis allows for efficient carbon fixation in hot, dry environments where CO2 availability is limited. C3 plants are favored in cooler, wetter climates where CO2 diffusion is not as restricted.

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    The document summarizes the C4 carbon fixation pathway. It describes how C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to fix CO2 into oxaloacetate in mesophyll cells. Oxaloacetate is then transported to bundle sheath cells where it is decarboxylated, releasing high concentrations of CO2 for the Calvin cycle. While more energetically costly than C3 photosynthesis, C4 photosynthesis allows for efficient carbon fixation in hot, dry environments where CO2 availability is limited. C3 plants are favored in cooler, wetter climates where CO2 diffusion is not as restricted.

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    C3 Leaf Anatomy: QUESTION: What Types of Environments Would Favor C3 Only Plants? C4 Plants? Why?

    Uploaded by

    nokate konkoor
    The document summarizes the C4 carbon fixation pathway. It describes how C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to fix CO2 into oxaloacetate in mesophyll cells. Oxaloacetate is then transported to bundle sheath cells where it is decarboxylated, releasing high concentrations of CO2 for the Calvin cycle. While more energetically costly than C3 photosynthesis, C4 photosynthesis allows for efficient carbon fixation in hot, dry environments where CO2 availability is limited. C3 plants are favored in cooler, wetter climates where CO2 diffusion is not as restricted.

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    of 1

    Figure 10.

    18 C4 leaf anatomy and the C4 pathway

    C4 Carbon Fixation. At the level of the chloroplast, all plants are C3. The C4 adaptation is a CO2 pump that uses PEP carboxylase (has a very high affinity for CO2) to
    fix atmospheric CO2 to pyruvate thus generating oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is than converted to malate and transported to the bundle sheath cells where it is
    decarboxylated forming CO2 and pyruvate. The CO2 is then used in C3 metabolism - the Calvin Cycle - and the pyruvate is converted back to PEP in a reaction that uses
    2 ATP/PEP generated. Because of the high CO2 affinity of PEP carboxylase, the C4 plant will never be short of CO2. However, this changes the cost from 3 ATP/CO2
    fixed (for a C3 only plant) to at least 5 ATP/CO2 fixed. Which is why not all plants are C4.

    QUESTION: What types of environments would favor C3 only plants? C4 plants? Why?
    C3 Leaf Anatomy

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