QUICK REVIEW

 Although introduces a contrast. After

although we use a clause, with a subject
and a verb.
Although she doesn’t enjoy her job, she
works hard.
She passed the exam, although she hand’t
studied for it.
 But contrasts two different ideas.
The film was very long but it was
interesting.
 ACTIVITY: Rephrase the sentences
beginning with the words in brackets.

 Example:

 She has plenty of money, but she is

very mean. (although)
 Although she has plenty of money,
she is very mean.
 ACTIVITY: Rephrase the sentences
beginning with the words in brackets.

1) They have a car, but they rarely use

it. (although)
2) He was innocent, but he was sent to
prison. (although)
3) He has a number of relatives living
nearby, but he never visits them.
(although)
4) She never takes any kind of exercise,
but she is quite fit and healthy.
(although)
 QUICK REVIEW
 Because is used before a clause, with
a subject and a verb.
 He ran to the station because he was
late.
 We didn’t go out because it was
raining.
 We use because of before a noun.
 We didn’t go out because of the rain.
 We arrived late because of the traffic.
 QUICK REVIEW
 So is used as a result. We use so (with or
without and) before a clause.
 He was late (and) so he ran to the station.
 We can also use so / such…(that)…when we
talk about the result of something.
 The film was so good (that) I went to see it
again.
 It was such a beautiful afternoon (that) we
decided to go out for a walk.
 We use so before an adjective or adverb eg
so good, so well, but we use such before a
noun (with or without an adjective) eg such
a beautiful afternoon, such and idiot.
ACTIVITY: Complete the sentences in A using
because or because of and an idea from B.

 Example:

 He phoned the police because he’d

lost his wallet.
 ACTIVITY: Complete the sentences in A using
because or because of and an idea from B.

A B
1) He phoned the police * his bad leg.
2) I didn’t have any lunch *I thought it might rain
3) Our plane was delayed * I wasn’t hungry
4) He went to Paris * he’d lost his wallet
5) I took an umbrella * the fog
6) He couldn’t run very fast * he wanted to learn
French.
 ACTIVITY: Choose the correct
answers.

 Example:

 I haven’t got much money as/so I ca

n’t afford a new car.
 ACTIVITY: Choose the correct
answers.

1) It was such a beautiful day, so/

beacuse we decided to have a picnic.
2) It was his birthday because / so we
decided to buy him a present.
3) I didn’t find the book very interesting
and so/ as I didn’t finish it.
4) All the seats on the train were taken
so/because we had to stand.
5) She had the best qualifications and
so / because she got the job.