Technology Through

the Years
When there were no machines for computing
yet, people used what was most reasonable and
available for them.

What do you think they used?

Our present number system, the decimal
system, was based on this old practice.

The decimal system utilized ten digits: zero

through nine, same as the number of fingers
human beings have.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
The name decimal comes from the
Latin decem meaning ten.
The symbols for the ten digits were originally
from the Hindus. They were later acquired by
the Arabs who brought them to Europe.
The decimal system is said to be base-10 or
radix -10 because it is based on 10 digits.

The term radix comes from the Latin word

meaning “root”.
Computers process numbers using the binary (base-2), the
octal (base-8), and the hexadecimal (base-16)
 Computation Tools (3000 BC
– 2000 BC)

Humans needed to count more items, and

so aside from fingers they started using
other tools for computation.
Pebbles

Bones with
scratches
 The First Place-Value
Number System (1900 BC)

The first known place-value number

system is the Babylonian’s sexagesimal
system (base-60).
60 seconds 60 minutes

And in dividing
circles (360
degrees)
The abacus is the first
actual calculating
machine known to us.
Some claim the
Babylonians invented
it, others say the
Chinese invented it.
The most popular version
of the abacus is the
biquinary system, which
uses a combination of two
bases (base-2 and base-5)
to represent the decimal
numbers.
 The abacus is not considered a
mechanical calculator, but it is one
of the first mechanical aids.
 Aristotle, used a tree figure (just
like a family tree) to represent the
relationships between things such
as species.
Tree of
Porphyry
 John Napier a Scottish politician
and mathematician. His device is
called Napier’s Bones, was used in
Napier’s the multiplication and division of
Bones large numbers.
 Wilhelm Schickard invented the
calculating clock that is used to
add and subtract numbers up to 6
digits.
Calculating
Clock
 Blaise Pascal a French
mathematician built a
mechanical adding machine
called the Pascaline.
Pascaline
 Gottfried Wilhelm von
Leibniz, a German
mathematician who
designed a machine that
Stepped can perform all four of the
Reckoner basic arithmetic operations.
 Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a French
weaver, developed a weaving device
that could produce intricate designs.
Jacquard’s
Loom
 Charles Babbage, also known as the
father of Modern Computers,
Charles Babbage invented two
machines: the Difference Engine and
the Analytical Engine.

Charles
Babbage
 Difference Engine performed
multiplication and division.

Difference
Engine
 The Analytical Engine
could add, subtract, multiply,
and divide. It had a mill and
store, which corresponded to
the current processor and
memory. It used punch cards
Analytical to print results and to serve
Engine as memory.
 She developed binary
arithmetic using only two
numbers, 0 and 1, for
computation. She was
considered as the first
programmer.
Lady Augusta Ada
Lovelace
 By adopting the binary
arithmetic of Lady Ada, he
developed the Boolean
Algebra, a system of
symbolic logic.

George Boole
 Herman Hollerith
developed a tabulating
machine that used cards
wherein data was punched in.

Hollerith founded the

Tabulating Machine
Company, which later
Hollerith’s Tabulating
became IBM ( International
Machine
Business Machines
Corporation).
Technology Trends
Touch Screen

Touch Screen refers to a

display screen and an
input device, replacing
the traditional keyboard
or keypad.
Gestural Interfaces

Gestural interface
technology allows
users to give
commands to the
computer without
touching it.
3D

3D (Three-Dimensional)
technology) refers to visual
technology that showcases
a real-life 3D appearance.
Motion Capture in
Filmmaking

Motion capture refers to the

process of recording
movements and translating
that movement into digital
model.
Mobile Devices
Smartphone

Is a mobile phone used for

sending and receiving text
messages and calls, but with
advanced multimedia and
computing capabilities that
makes it to function like a
miniature computer.
Smartphones have
Internet connectivity and
use an independent
operating system to
install and run
applications.
Tablet

The tablet is an Internet-

enabled portable personal
computer that is usually
larger than a smartphone.
Because of it’s size that is
larger than a smartphone, it
is easier to use for surfing
the Web, playing multimedia
files and games, and reading
e-book files. Tablets also
perform slightly better than
smartphones and generally
have more battery life.
A. Match column A with column B. Write your answer on the space before each number.

_____ 1. device invented by John Napier that can multiply and divide large numbers.
_____ 2. a weaving device that can produce intricate designs
_____ 3. a machine that had a mill and store
_____ 4. Tabulating Machine Company
_____ 5. Father of Modern Computers
_____ 6. number system that utilizes ten digits
_____ 7. the first programmer
_____ 8. the first calculating machine
_____ 9. invented a machine that used wheels to carry out addition and subtraction of numbers up to 6 digits.
_____ 10. a figure used by Aristotle that represents relationships between things.

a. IBM d. Charles Babbage g. Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace

b. decimal system e. Analytical Engine h. William Schickard

c. Jacquard’s Loom f. abacus i. Napier’s Bones j. Tree of Porphyry

B. Fill in the blanks. Choose which of the given words after each sentences goes to the appropriate blank.

1. Motion capture is the ________ of recording _________ and translating it into a _________ model.
digital movement process
2. Smartphones and ________ are ________ devices with advanced _________ and computing capabilities that use an
independent ________ system to install and run ________.
applications multimedia mobile operating tablets
3. The _________ system that we normally use is called the _________ system.
number decimal
4. The decimal system uses the numbers from _________ to _________.
nine zero
5. The word “_________” has _________ origins and means “_________”
radix root Latin

6. Computers use the binary (________________), _______________ (_______________), and the _______________
(______________) number systems.
Hexadecimal base-16 octal base-2 base-8
7. The _______________ system is what’s used to measure ______________ and divide _______________ into
______________.
Time degrees circles sexagesimal
8. The ______________, the most popular version of which uses the ______________ system, is said to have been
invented first by the _____________, and then by the _______________.
abacus Babylonians Chinese biquinary

9. ______________ interface _______________ allows the user to give _______________ to the

________________without touching it.
technology gestural commands computer
10. The _______________ math of ______________ was used by George _____________ to develop the Boolean
_________________, which is a system of symbolic _______________.
Logic binary Boole Algebra Lovelace