Water Balance In the Body

WATER BALANCE IN THE BODY

INTAKE PER DAY OUTPUT PER DAY

Water in food 1250ml Urine 1500ml

Oxidation of 300ml Skin 500ml

food

Drinking water 1200ml Lungs 700ml

Feces 50ml

2750ml 2750ml
 WATER INTAKE
EXOGENEOUS ENDOGENEOUS
SOURCES: Ingested water , Beverages , SOURCES:
Water content of solid foods Metabolic water produced within the body due to
oxidation of food stuffs
WATER FROM OXIDATION OF FOOD STUFFS:
WATER INTAKE RANGES: 1-5L 300-350ml/day
hot climate  more intake of water 1g carbohydrate  0.6ml water
1g proteins  0.4ml water
1g fat  101ml of water
INTAKE OF 1000 kcal  125ml water
Ingestion of intake of water is mainly controlled by a
THIRST CENTER located in Hypothalamus

Increase in osmolality of plasma

causes
Increased water intake by + + + of thirt center
 WATER OUTPUT

Four distinct routes for the

elimination of water from body

URINE SKIN LUNGS FECES

 URINE
- Major route of water loss
- Normal urine 1-2L/day.
- Water loss through kidneys  well regulated to meet body demands.
- Urine production cannot be completely shut down, despite there
being no water intake

due to the fact that some amount of water (about 500ml/day) is

essential as the medium to eliminate the waste products from the
body.
 HORMONAL REGULATION OF URINE PRODUCTION

• Among 180L  only 1-2L excreted, remaining reabsorbed.

• VASOPRESSION (ADH {Antidiuretic Hormone} ) of the posterior

pitutary gland  controlls water excretion by the kidney.

• The secretion of ADH is regulated by the OSMOTIC PRESSURE of

plasma.
An increase in osmolality of plasma Decrease in osmolality

Produces ADH secretion Produces decreased ADH secretion

Leads to
Leads to
Increased water reabsorption from
renal Tubules Decreased water reabsorption

causing causing
Decreases urine output Increases Urine output
• Plasma osmolality  largely dependent on the sodium
concentration

hence, sodium indirectly controls the amount of water in the

body.

 In DIABETIES INSIPIDUS : Deficiency of ADH

Increased loss of water

 SKIN
- Loss of water through the body surface by Prespiration.
- Loss of water ranges :- 500mg/day
- Its an unregulated process : mainly depends on

Atmospheric
temperature Humidity

- 1o C rise in body temperature :- 15% increase in loss of water

 LUNGS
- Loss during Respiration
- Loss of water = 700ml/day through the expired air.

- FECES
- About 50ml/day of water is lost through feces.
- Feces loss is tremendously increased in Diarrhoea.

- The loss of water by Prespiration and Respiration is collectively

referred to as “INSENSIBLE WATER LOSS”
Organs, which maintaining water- salts homeostasis

Para Blood
Lungs Pituitary thyroids vessels

Heart Adrenal Kidneys

cortex