PT6T ENGINES SERIES BASIC COURSE HOT SECTION OVERVIEW

PT6T ENGINES SERIES
BASIC COURSE
HOT SECTION
YU R G E TR U J IL L O
IN ST R UCTOR
COMBUSTION & TURBINE SECTION
Purpose:
 Extract energy from the hot expanding gases to:
Drive the compressor turbine.
Drive the power turbine and the reduction gearbox.

Operation:
 The hot section of the engine comprises of components down stream of the gas
generator.
 Hot expanding gases leaving the combustion chamber are directed towards the
compressor turbine vane ring and hit the compressor turbine blades.
Operation:
 The energy extracted by the compressor turbine will drive the compressor and the
Accessory Gearbox.
 Thereafter, gases travel across the power turbine vane ring and hit the power
turbine blades.
Operation:
 The power turbine rotation is transmitted to the output shaft via the power turbine
shaft and the reduction gearbox.
 Gases leaving the power turbine are expelled to the atmosphere through the
exhaust duct.
COMBUSTION CHAMBER LINER
Purpose:
 Provide an area for combustion of the fuel / air mixture.
 The reverse flow feature provides for a shorter and lighter engine.
Operation:
 P3 air enters the combustion chamber through holes in the inner and outer liner
walls.
 The shape, size and location of these holes provide the correct fuel / air ratio for
all operating conditions.
 The combustion chamber combined with the large and small exit ducts form an
envelope that turns the gas 180° (reverse flow).
SMALL AND LARGE EXIT DUCTS
Purpose:
 Change direction of the airflow 180° (reverse flow).
Operation:
 Hot expanding gases are re-directed towards the compressor turbine vane ring.
 P3 air for cooling flows between the double skin configuration and cools the two
ducts. Via the small exit duct P3 air is routed to the compressor turbine vane ring
for internal cooling of each vane.
SMALL AND LARGE EXIT DUCTS
COMPRESSOR TURBINE VANE RING
Vane Ring:
 Direct the gases toward the compressor turbine at optimum angle and speed.
 Convergent vanes change the static pressure into velocity.
 Cobalt or nickel alloy casting, coated using a diffused aluminide process.
 Air-cooled core passages allow P3 air to flow through each vane.
 Exit area is classed.

Shroud Housing:
 Support the shroud segments and interstage sealing ring.
 Slots in the shroud housing match with corresponding lugs on the vane ring
prevent any side play.
Small Exit Duct:
 Pinched the compressor turbine vane ring on the shroud housing.
 Machined face contact shroud housing and turbine vane ring to prevent P3 air
leakage.
Interstage Sealing Ring(s):
 Encloses P3 air, prevents leakage to station 5.
Shroud Segments:
 Make close tolerance compressor turbine blades tip clearance, to reduce hot
gases leakage.
 Machined from nickel alloy steel, thickness is classed to fit different compressor
turbine wheel diameters.
Baffle (All Except PT6T-3):
 Create an area to insulate the turbine vane ring.
Lock Plate:
 Secure compressor turbine vane ring and No.2 bearing cover or cover flange to
the gas generator case and No.2 bearing area.
No. 2 Bearing Cover (PT6T-3) Or Cover Flange (PT6T-3B's/-3D's/-6/-6B) :
 Locate the compressor turbine vane ring, shroud housing and small exit duct
assemblies with the center line of the power section.
 The inner lugs of the vane ring match with the slots on the cover (PT6T-3) or
cover flange (PT6T-3B's/-3D's/6/-6B).
Operation:
 Receives hot gases from the combustion chamber. The converging vane airfoils
direct the air towards the turbine blades, accelerating and changing its direction
simultaneously.
 P3 air traveling inside the vane airfoils keeps them at a temperature lower than
the gases flowing on the outside. After cooling, air is ejected in the gas path.
CT. VANE RING T-3 D’s
 Similar to the PT6T-3B configuration except:

 Nickel alloy casting.
 Air-cooled core passages allow P3 air to flow through each vanes and exit at
the trailing edge of the vanes for increased efficiency.
Baffle:
 Close tolerance baffle to create an area to insulate the turbine vane ring and No.2
bearing area.
COMPRESSOR TURBINE
Purpose:
 Extract energy (66 %) from the hot gases to drive the compressor rotor unit.
Construction:
 Is a two-plane balanced disk assembly, the disk is made of nickel alloy steel
allowing thermal expansion differences between the blades and the disk.
 Rivets are used to axially retain the 58 blades on the disk.

COMPRESSOR TURBINE
Maximum N1 Speed
 (PT6T-3)…………………………………………100 % (3,100 rpm)
 (PT6T-3 B 's/-6‘s) .…………..…………………103.4% (39,400 rpm)
 (PT6T-3 D’s) ……………………………………109.2 % (41, 600 rpm)
 Rotation ………………………………………….CW viewed looking forward.

COMPRESSOR TURBINE
COMPRESSOR TURBINE
Operation:
 Expanding gases, accelerated through the vane ring hit the turbine blades.
 The energy available in the gases is converted into rotational movement to drive
the compressor and the engine accessory gearbox.
 The turbine disc is life limited in cycles.

COMPRESSOR TURBINE
 The compressor turbine to drive the compressor and the accessory gearbox
extracts 2/3 of all the energy available from the products of combustion.
 The power turbine to drive the reduction gearbox (aircraft transmission, main and
tail rotors) extracts the 1/3 remaining.
 The turbine is individually balanced on two planes with weights and rivets. This
feature allows for turbine replacement in the field.
COMPRESSOR TURBINE
COMPRESSOR TURBINE BLADES
Purpose:
 Extract energy from the hot gases.
Construction:
 The CT blades are made from a nickel alloy, using a Directionally Solidified
casting process known as D.S. blades or Single Crystal on PT6T-3D’s.
 DS Blades features include triple taper design construction, and diffused corrosion
resistant protective coating.
 The sulphidation attack can described in four levels:

 The sulphidation attack can described in four levels:
Stage 1 Mild sulphidation.
Stage 2 Medium sulphidation.
Stage 3 Severe sulphidation.
Stage 4 Deep penetration with metal separation.

 Stage 1 Mild sulphidation: evident slight roughness of surface and breakdown of

the coating layer. Condition acceptable in the field.
 Stage 2 Medium sulphidation: heavy roughness of the surface, Bgase material

is attacked, Blade integrity still not affected. Condition acceptable in the field.
 Stage 3 Severe sulphidation: Heavy roughness of the surface, Built-up of blister,

Base material is attacked, Blade integrity is affected. Condition NOT acceptable in
the field.
 Stage 4 Deep penetration with metal separation: Blade fracture imminent.

Unbalance of rotor assembly. Operation is unsafe.
 If sulphidation of the C.T blades is experienced, a boroscope inspection should be

scheduled to monitor the sulphidation stage. A regular Turbine wash should be
established to reduce sulphidation progress.
POWER TURBINE VANE RING
Purpose:
 Direct gases to the power turbine and change static pressure into velocity.
Construction:
 Nickel alloy casting with a riveted sheet metal center baffle.
 The exit area (throat) of the vane ring is classified.
 Supported by the power turbine housing.
 A lug to slot arrangements centers and prevents movements of the vane ring.
Operation:
 Gases leaving the compressor turbine are accelerated through the power turbine
vane ring and cause the power turbine to rotate.
 The vane ring is held in place by lugs fitted in the power turbine housing. The
riveted inner baffle directs air close to the power and compressor turbine disks for
cooling.
 Replacement vane ring must have a class number identical to the original vane
ring. (tolerance ±0.1).
POWER TURBINE (PT)
Purpose:
 Extract energy (33%) from the gases to drive the aircraft main rotor through the
reduction gearbox.
Construction:
 The power turbine is a single-plane balanced disk assembly, the disk is made of
nickel alloy steel and is splined to the power turbine shaft.
 A master spline insures that the turbine can only fit in one position on the turbine
shaft.
POWER TURBINE (PT)
 The 41 blades are retained in the firtree-serrations with rivets.
 There is no mechanical links between the power and compressor turbines thus the
power turbine is "Free” to turn independent of the compressor turbine operation.
 Balancing of the power turbine must be done with the power turbine shaft and the
No. 3 and 4 bearings altogether and for that reason the power turbine is not field
replaceable.
POWER TURBINE (PT)
POWER TURBINE (PT)
 Maximum N2 Speed
N2 at 100 % ……………………………………33,000 rpm
 Rotation…………………………………………CCW viewed looking forward
 NR at 100%....................................................324 rpm
 The turbine disc is life limited in cycles.

POWER TURBINE & EXHAUST SECTION
Exhaust Case:
 Single port case, direct the exhaust gases to ambient atmosphere.
 Welded assembly of nickel-steel alloy sheet metal.
 Ski jump helps to evacuate the exhaust gas.

Power Turbine Stator Housing:
 Support: the power turbine vane ring, the integral ITT harness and thermocouple.
 Interface with the gas generator section via a seal ring.
Insulation Blanket:
 Reduce heat transmission between the exhaust case and other internal
components.
Power Turbine Shaft Housing:
 Support the power turbine shaft.
 Form a cavity for No. 3 and 4 bearings.
Power Turbine Shaft:
 Supported by No. 3 and 4 bearings.
 Transmit power turbine speed and torque to the reduction gearbox via the RGB
input shaft coupling.
SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM
 The secondary air system consists of all the pressure air that is not used directly
to produce power.
 Three sources of air are used in the secondary air system:
 P2.5 interstage air pressure.
 P2.8 interstage (shroud bleed) air pressure.
 P3 compressor delivery pressure.

 100 % Air Entering The Power Section:
Primary Air System (85%) Secondary Air System (15%)
25% is used for: 60% is used to: 8% is used for: 2% is used for: 5% is used for:
The combustion Cool the Turbine disks Operation of bleed Cabin bleed
process combustion cooling and CT valve (heating)
gasses vane
Sealing of Operation of Automatic

bearing Fuel Control Unit
compartments
Sealing of Reduction
Gearbox carbon seals
Hot Section Cooling:
 Internal passages in the engine guide P3 air for cooling of various hot section
components like, combustion chamber, vane ring and turbine, disks.
 A port (at 12 o'clock position) on the gas generator case delivers P3 air pressure
for airframe use (heater etc…).
Operation:
 P3 air is taken from the gas generator section and guided with various baffles to
provide cooling and prolong hot section components life.
 Once the air has been used for cooling, it is evacuated in the gas path.
 Air flowing into bearing compartments is evacuated via the oil scavenge system.
SEALING OF THE HOT SECTION
 Gas sealing in the hot section area is a very important factor affecting hot section
life, and engine performance.
Sealing
Description Function
Face
Prevent P3 leaks from combustion
A Lock plate to vane ring. chamber area to other side of vane ring.
Vane ring to small exit duct (exit duct support Prevent P3 air around the combustion
B housing for PT6T-3D’s) and shroud housing. chamber to leak and bypass the vane
ring.
Power turbine housing to compressor turbine Prevent P3 leaks into P5.
C shroud housing.
Power turbine vane ring to power turbine Prevent leaks around the second stage
D shroud. vane ring.
SEALING OF THE HOT SECTION
PT6T ENGINES SERIES
BASIC COURSE
YU R G E TR U J IL L O
IN ST R UCTOR

PT6T ENGINES SERIES BASIC COURSE HOT SECTION OVERVIEW

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PT6T ENGINES SERIES BASIC COURSE HOT SECTION OVERVIEW

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PT6T ENGINES SERIES

 Extract energy from the hot expanding gases to:

Drive the compressor turbine.

Drive the power turbine and the reduction gearbox.

 Provide an area for combustion of the fuel / air mixture.

 Change direction of the airflow 180° (reverse flow).

 Convergent vanes change the static pressure into velocity.

 Cobalt or nickel alloy casting, coated using a diffused aluminide process.

 Air-cooled core passages allow P3 air to flow through each vane.

 Exit area is classed.

 Support the shroud segments and interstage sealing ring.

Small Exit Duct:

 Pinched the compressor turbine vane ring on the shroud housing.

Interstage Sealing Ring(s):

 Encloses P3 air, prevents leakage to station 5.

Baffle (All Except PT6T-3):

 Create an area to insulate the turbine vane ring.

No. 2 Bearing Cover (PT6T-3) Or Cover Flange (PT6T-3B's/-3D's/-6/-6B) :

CT. VANE RING T-3 D’s

 Similar to the PT6T-3B configuration except:

 Rivets are used to axially retain the 58 blades on the disk.

 (PT6T-3)…………………………………………100 % (3,100 rpm)

 (PT6T-3 B 's/-6‘s) .…………..…………………103.4% (39,400 rpm)

 (PT6T-3 D’s) ……………………………………109.2 % (41, 600 rpm)

 Rotation ………………………………………….CW viewed looking forward.

 The turbine disc is life limited in cycles.

 Extract energy from the hot gases.

 The sulphidation attack can described in four levels:

 The sulphidation attack can described in four levels:

Stage 1 Mild sulphidation.

Stage 2 Medium sulphidation.

Stage 3 Severe sulphidation.

Stage 4 Deep penetration with metal separation.

 Stage 1 Mild sulphidation: evident slight roughness of surface and breakdown of

 Stage 2 Medium sulphidation: heavy roughness of the surface, Bgase material

 Stage 3 Severe sulphidation: Heavy roughness of the surface, Built-up of blister,

 Stage 4 Deep penetration with metal separation: Blade fracture imminent.

 If sulphidation of the C.T blades is experienced, a boroscope inspection should be

 Nickel alloy casting with a riveted sheet metal center baffle.

 The exit area (throat) of the vane ring is classified.

 Supported by the power turbine housing.

 The 41 blades are retained in the firtree-serrations with rivets.

N2 at 100 % ……………………………………33,000 rpm

 Rotation…………………………………………CCW viewed looking forward

 The turbine disc is life limited in cycles.

 Single port case, direct the exhaust gases to ambient atmosphere.

 Welded assembly of nickel-steel alloy sheet metal.

 Ski jump helps to evacuate the exhaust gas.

Power Turbine Stator Housing:

 Interface with the gas generator section via a seal ring.

Power Turbine Shaft Housing:

 Support the power turbine shaft.

 Form a cavity for No. 3 and 4 bearings.

Power Turbine Shaft:

 Supported by No. 3 and 4 bearings.

 Three sources of air are used in the secondary air system:

 P2.5 interstage air pressure.

 P2.8 interstage (shroud bleed) air pressure.

 P3 compressor delivery pressure.

 100 % Air Entering The Power Section:

Primary Air System (85%) Secondary Air System (15%)

Sealing of Operation of Automatic

Hot Section Cooling: