PoS 2210

SYLLABUS
WEEK NO. OF COURSE CONTENT
HOURS
1 3 COURSE OVERVIEW/CLASSROOM
POLICIES/VMGO/GRADING SYSTEM
2 3 UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
3 3 ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
4 3 TOWARDS THE MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
5 3 SUMMATIVE TEST AND PRE-LIM
 SYLLABUS
WEEK NO. OF COURSE CONTENT
HOURS
6 3 GOVERNMENT AND BUREAUCRACY
7 3 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY AND
DECENTRALIZATION
8 3 CIVIL SOCIETY AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS
9 3 PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION IN THE GOVERNMENT
10 3 SUMMATIVE TEST & MIDTERM
 SYLLABUS
WEEK NO. OF COURSE CONTENT
HOURS
11 3 DEALIN WITH FISCAL ADMINISTRATION
12 3 ETHICS AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE GOVERNMENT
SERVICE
13 3 PUBLIC POLICY AND POLICY-MAKING PROCESS
14 3 SUMMATIVE TEST & SEMI-FINALS
 SYLLABUS
WEEK NO. OF COURSE CONTENT
HOURS
15 3 ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE AND PUBIC
ADMINISTRATION
16 3 THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
17 3 SUMMATIVE TEST & FINALS
 OUTCOMES DETAILS
COURSE OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT TASKS DETAILS

Present Analytical Case Study Report The project aims to analyze

Report from various major problems of an LGU
LGU data. (barangay, for instance) about
their causes, factors, issues and
challenges and the
corresponding solutions to be
offered.
 OUTCOMES DETAILS
COURSE OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT TASKS DETAILS

Create a Development Plan The task is designed for students to

Development plan learn the rudiments of public
for a Local administration of an LGU in its
capacity as a corporate body in
Government Unit consolidating programs and projects
(LGU). in order to promote general welfare
of the constituents by detailing for
instance programs/projects,
objectives, budget, persons
involved, etc.
 OUTCOMES DETAILS
COURSE OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT TASKS DETAILS

Demonstrate Public Policy Proposal The proposal is the student’s

competence in public course of action for an LGU
policy process which intends to address an
issue or change a situation
that will make a real life change
and improve the quality of life
for its constituents.
LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Construct their own definition of public administration
2. Determine theories in each of the approaches in the study
of public administration
3. Write an essay on the importance of public administration
 PUBLIC ADMISTRATION DEFINED
Woodrow Wilson
“A field of business which is
removed from
the hurry and strife of politics
and stands
apart from the debatable ground
of
constitutional study.”
PUBLIC ADMISTRATION DEFINED

LEONARD WHITE
The management of men and materials in
the accomplishment of the purposes of the
state. It relates to the conduct of
government services to the conduct of the
affairs of any other social organization,
commercial, philathropic, religious, or
educational, in all of which good
management is recognized as an element
essential to success.
 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DEFINED

FELIX NIGRO AND LLOYD NIGRO

A cooperative group effort in a public
setting; covers all the three branches-
executive, legislative and judicial- and
their inter-relationships; has an important
role in the formulation of public policy and
is thus part of the political process; is
different in significant ways from private
administration and is closely associated
with numerous private groups and
individuals in providing services to the
community.
 WHY PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IS
IMPORTANT?
IMPORTANCE
Provides a basis for the
government
Acts as an instrument of
change in the society
Plays a vital role in the life
of the people.
DESCRIPTION
The state is not just expected to create effective policies for the
people. By and large, it is public administration which makes the
implementation of public policies possible through the various
instrumentalities.
Public administration provides the initiative for positive
developments to happen. As one of the primary institutions,
much is expected from the government to contribute to the
development of society.
PA comes closer to the people than the other departments of
government. It touches the everyday life of the people through
the delivery of basic services like education, social welfare,
health, agriculture, and environment.
 WHY PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IS
IMPORTANT?
IMPORTANCE DESCRIPTION
Acts as instrument for the PA makes public policies responsive to the public as it proceeds
execution of policies and in the implementation of all programs and projects of the
programs government. The enactment of policies is incomplete without
them being implemented in the process.

Acts as stabilizing force in PA provides for the continuity of the government from one
the government administration to the next.
 CLASSICAL AND MODERN APPROACHES TO
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
CLASSICAL APPROACH MODERN APPROACH
Max Weber Woodrow Wilson “New Public Administration”
Frederick Taylor
NEO-CLASSICAL “ New Public Management”
Henry Fayol Luther Gulick
Elton Mayo Chester Barnard
 CLASSICAL APPROACH TO PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: CORE PRINCIPLES
CLASSICAL APPROACH
“is characterized as:
1. an administration under the formal control of the political leadership
2. based on a strictly hierarchical model of bureaucracy
3. staffed by permanent, neutral, and anonymous officials
4. motivated only by the public interest
5. serving and governing party equally
6. not contributing to policy but merely administering those policies
decided by the politicians.
 CLASSICAL APPROACH TO PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: CORE PRINCIPLES

Several characteristics are portrayed in

MAX WEBER'S “Theory of Bureaucracy.” Institutions of government
should have:
1. a well hierarchy
2. division of work and functional specialization
3. framework of fixed rules
4. employment of proper and scientific selection of individuals
5. use of an impersonal approach in the organization
 CLASSICAL APPROACH TO PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: CORE PRINCIPLES

Several characteristics are portrayed in

WOODROW WILSON'S “theory of Politics and Administration
Dichotomy.” There is separation of the practice of “administration” and
“politics” based on their functional definitions:
1. Administration is the detailed and systematic execution of public law.
2. Politics is the complex process of passing of public law.

Corruption and other negative bureaucratic behavior can be avoided in

the process
 CLASSICAL APPROACH TO PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: CORE PRINCIPLES

Several characteristics are portrayed in

Frederick Taylor's “Scientific Management Theory.” There is “one
best way of doing a job.”
1. science, not rule of thumb
2. harmony not discord
3. cooperation not individualism
4. development of each and every person to his/her geatest
efficiency and prosperity
 MODERN APPROACH TO PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: CORE PRINCIPLES

“New Public Administration”

Principles:
1. participation
2. decentralization
3. representative democracy
 MODERN APPROACH TO PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: CORE PRINCIPLES

“New Public Management”

Principles:
1. economy, efficiency, effectiveness of government organization
2. higher quality service delivery
 MODERN APPROACH TO PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: CORE PRINCIPLES

“New Public Management” and “New Public Administration”

as complemented with specific management principles (Christopher
Thornhill and Gerda Van Dijk, 2010)
Principles:
1. application of systems model
2. contingency approach
3. total quality management
4. learning organization
 SCOPE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

First Perspective: ”the subject matter view”

• looks at the specific function of public administration
• concentrates on the purpose or basic activity of the government
agency
• lays emphasis on the services rendered and the functions
performed by a particular agency
Ex. ad-hoc committee created to work on specific or special
function
 SCOPE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Second Perspective: ”POSDCORB”

• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Coordinating
• Reporting
• Budgeting
 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
ADMINISTRATION: THE DIFFERENCE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PRIVATE ADMINISTRATION
Broad field of administration Limited field of administration
Actions are based on public Not necessarily based on public
trust trust
Routine decision making Unlimited decision making process
procedure
 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
ADMINISTRATION: THE DIFFERENCE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PRIVATE ADMINISTRATION
Maintenance of status quo Dynamic entrepreneurship
Actions subject to public Not normally subject to criticism
criticism
Restricted by fiscal No such restrictions
accountability
 LESSON 2: ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Preliminary: PA is considered as a
1. PRACTICE- emerged during the the development of early
civilizations of the world, only that it took two centuries before
the concept of public administration was developed.

2. FIELD OF STUDY - in the US Woodrow Wilson called for the

separation of PA from Pol Sci as a discipline generated support
from other disciplines.
 EMERGENCE OF ADMINISTRATION

Woodrow Wilson's (“Father of PA”)paper “The Study of

Administration” gave a definition of the concept of administration:
• the most obvious part of government
• it is government in action
• it is the executive, the operative, the most visible side of the
government
• as old as the government itself
• led the founding of the science of administration and the
establishment of the first stage of evolution of PA.
 DISTINCT FUNCTIONS OF THE
GOVERNMENT

• The “politics-administration
dichotomy” began the evolution of PA
as a field of discipline from the
American perspective.
• Frank Goodnow continued the
separation in his book “Politics and
Administation”:
 DISTINCT FUNCTIONS OF THE
GOVERNMENT

Politics
• has something to do with the
policies or expressions of the
will of the state
• it is the function that speaks of
the process on how policies are
made in the government
 DISTINCT FUNCTIONS OF THE
GOVERNMENT
Administration
• has something to do with the
implementation of policies
after their enactment by the
executive department
• it is the continuation of a long
process of creating a policy
and is considered as pivotal as
the success of the policy is
highly dependent of its
implementation
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: CLASSICAL
• Woodrow Wilson, “The Study of Administration”
- the separation of politics and administration
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• Frank Goodnow's “Politics and
Administration”
- continued the debate on the
dichotomy between politics and
administration
- provided the distinction
between administration and politics
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• Max Weber's” Theory of
Bureaucracy”
- featured several variables like
hierarchy, division of labour, formal
rules and procedures, and neutrality
- provided the distinction
between administration and politics
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• Leonard White, “Introduction to the
Study of Public Administration”
- dichotomy between politics
and administration
- concentrated on
administration as managerial function
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• Luther Gulick
- conceptualized and
immortalized the POSDCORB functions
- in all administrations there is
“one best way” of doing a job
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• Dwight Waldo, “The Administrative
State”
- pursues the value of
efficiency (which must characterize all
government administrations)
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• William Willoughby, “The
Administrative State”
- well known for his
budgetary reform in the government
- promoted the concept that
the budget is an effective instrument
of democracy and is an important
element of securing administrative
efficiency and economy
- without the budget, all
government programs would come
to naught.
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: MODERN
• Development Administration
- focused on the issues of development among 3rd world
countries in the 1950s (after WWII)
- introduced developments in the country
- the supposed developments turned out to be skin-deep
initiatives as developing countries experienced more of
underdevelopments
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: MODERN
• New Public Administration (Minnowbrook Conference,Syracuse
University in 1968) organized by Dwight Waldo
- rejected the classical theories (more on efficiency and
effectiveness) and adopt a new set of principles: client oriented,
non-bureaucratic, participatory decision making, decentralized
administration
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: MODERN
• New Public Management
- popularized by UK's prime minister Margaret Thatcher in 1970
- practiced by members of Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD), such as Australia, New Zealand, Germany, and
Canada
• Reforms: - privatization of several public functions
- reengineering its personnel system
• Bill Clinton (USA): “Reinventing Government”
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: MODERN
• Good Governance
- popularized by UN, WB, ADB, and other international financial
institutions
AIM: to produce significant improvements in the developing countries'
respective administrative systems
“GOVERNANCE” - a buzzword which means the same as a process that
refers to the management of the government.
Principles: decentralization, participation, responsiveness, and
accountability linking the government, civil society, and the business
sector.
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: MODERN
• Good Governance
Actors: 1) formal - refers to the institutions in the government
- focal point of good governance
- expected to deliver through its various
policies and programs
2) informal - pertain to the different stakeholders like
the business community and the civil society
- provide the balance in the equation of the
concept of good governance, like the needed
resources to help the government in the
delivery of important services and assistance
 EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION: MODERN
Actors: 2) informal
- pertain to the different stakeholders like
the business community and the civil society
- provide the balance in the equation of the
concept of good governance, like the needed
resources to help the government in the
delivery of important services and assistance
- civil society promotes transparency among the
actors and requires the value of accountability would
- absence of one actor in the “good governance” equation
 IS THERE A PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION?
• There is Philippine Public Administration as there is an American,
French, and Thai public administration.
• Alex Brillantes and Maricel Fernandez
• PA as a form of discipline or field of study (when the
Americans established the Institute of Public Administration
(IPA) until it evolved as one of the most studied discipline in
the country)
• PA as a form of practice is already evident from the early
civilization of the country, the “barangay” as the enter of
everything. The practice of the discipline continued to this
day.
 IS THERE A PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION?
• Alex Brillantes and Maricel Fernandez: There is Philippine Public
Administration:
• as long as there are institutions of public administration
addressing specific setoral concerns
• as far as it is being a field of study is concerned
• considering the massive role of bureaucracy in Philippine
public administration
• when we consider its major institutions in education, politics,
and government
• we have basic public administration structures and processes
IS THERE A PHILIPPINE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION?

“Public Administration is primarily composing the entirety

of the government and accompanying practices which can
be observed in the delivery of the necessary services to the
public.”
 AN OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• AS A FIELD OF STUDY
• Institute of Public Administration (IPA) in UP established by
the Americans
• National College of Public Administration and Governance
(NCPAG) at UP and in other universities. From a struggling
discipline, it is now closer to the hearts of individuals working
in the government.
• It developed its own theories and concepts that can be called
as its own.
• Practices an dynamics in the government have contributed to
the growth of the discipline.
 AN OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• AS A FIELD OF STUDY
• It has come up with its own fields of specialization:
 policy analysis and program administration
 organization and management
 local government administration
 public fiscal administration
 public personnel administration
 public enterprise management
 voluntary sector management
 AN OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• AS A FIELD OF PRACTICE
• PA existed as early as the pre-colonial period in the country.
• the “barangay” as the basic political unit attest to the fact as
the early political system of government
• Spanish times: the political landscape was replaced by a highly
centralized form of government;engulfed by several corrupt
officials
• American Era: :”Benevolent Assimilation;” put up a highly
centralized civil government under governor William Howard
Taft; civil service system which eventually and practically
controlled and manned by Filipinos
 THE CURRENT FACE OF PHILIPPINE PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• AS A FIELD OF PRACTICE: PROBLEMS
• graft and corruption (the most pervasive and debilitating)
resulting to an inept public administration characterized by
inefficient and ineffective delivery of public services.
• excessive politics, patronage, and family inclinations even in
the past
• “Pakikisama” and “Utang na Loob”
• Restoring trust and building integrity has been an “on and off”
process in the country
• “Sick Man of Asia” but we already have rebounded
 THE CURRENT FACE OF PHILIPPINE PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• AS A FIELD OF STUDY
• is evolving and is getting sophisticated in terms of the
contributions of scholars through academic researches and
scientific studies
• AS A FIELD OF PRACTICE
• is found to be wanting and at times problematic
• “...declining trust of the general public on the government and
theeed to build its integrity...”
Alex Brillantes and Maricel Fernandez
“Restoring Trust and Building Integrity in Government:
Issues and Concens in the Philippines and Areas for Reform”
 THE CURRENT FACE OF PHILIPPINE PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
• AS A FIELD OF PRACTICE: PROBLEMS
• Restoring public trust (Alex Brillantes and Maricel Fernandez)
 reforming the institution, processes, and procedures
reforming mindsets and behaviour
reforming leadership and political will
engaging the citizens
 LESSON 3: GOVERNMENT AND BUREAUCRACY
Review: Felix Nigro and Lloyd Nigro's definition of pubic administration
A cooperative group effort in a public
setting; covers all the three branches-
executive, legislative and judicial- and
their inter-relationships; has an important
role in the formulation of public policy and
is thus part of the political process; is
different in significant ways from private
administration and is closely associated
with numerous private groups and
individuals in providing services to the community.
 LESSON 3: GOVERNMENT AND BUREAUCRACY
• PA is more than just the structure that composes the government
• It includes more than the instrumentalities and takes into consideration
the processes which occur in every corner of the office in government.
• The instrumentality that takes on the operation or implementation of
the policies and programs of the government is popularly known as the
“bureaucracy”, considered as the fourth branch of government.
• It is bureaucracy that provides for the continuity of the government
when there are transition problems.
• It is the “bureaucracy” that gives life to any administration in the
government through meanings that they provide to important public
policies.
 THE CONCEPT OF BUREAUCRACY
ETYMOLOGY
French: bureau = office

Greek: kratos = power or strength

BUREAUCRACY DEFINED
“ is the exercise of power by the officials of the government in
accordance with the instructions of those who wield sovereign
power in the state.”
Richard John S. Baker
 THE CONCEPT OF BUREAUCRACY
BUREAUCRACY DEFINED

“ a specific form of social organization, administrative in nature,

which deals with the activities of a large number of people like the
family, social club, or church.”

“is the sum total of all administrative agencies of the

government.”
Raul P. De Guzman, Alex Brillantes, and Arturo G. Pacho
 THE CONCEPT OF BUREAUCRACY
BUREAUCRACY DEFINED
“is the sum total of all administrative agencies of the government.”
Raul P. De Guzman, Alex Brillantes, and Arturo G. Pacho
• These government agencies span from the executive branch of the
government including that of the administrative offices that form
part both of the legislative and the judicial branches of government.
• These government agencies facilitate the effective delivery of the
services and other concerns of the said branch of government.
 THE CONCEPT OF BUREAUCRACY
“...as an organization which is considered an extension of the state.”
- Max Weber
• The state fulfills the needs and wants of the public by way of the services that are
delivered to them.
• Since the state possesses the necessary power and authority, it gives the
“bureaucracy” a sense of legitimacy specifically in the process of performing its basic
tasks.
• It has all the experts (technocrats) that provide the technical “know how” in running
the government.
• It has the information that is essential to accomplish the objectives of the entire
government instrumentality.
• It has all the access to all sensitive informtion which the government alone could use
and enjoy.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF BUREAUCRACY
IMPORTANCE DESCRIPTION
Based upon a well It is a must for bureaucracy to reflect the
defined hierarchy necessary hierarchy in the institution as a way
of putting an order in the hierarchy of things.
When the concept was developed, Weber paid
much attention with the order of authority that
is reflected in a well conceived organizational
structure.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF BUREAUCRACY
IMPORTANCE DESCRIPTION
Division of work Bureaucracy exhibits one of the essential
and functional characteristics of classical organization that is the
specialization division of work and functional organization. Such
characteristics facilitate the accomplishment of
the objectives of a particular bureaucracy.
Functions within It works within the boundaries of fixed rules and
a framework of avoids what is prohibited by existing policies. the
fixed rules more it operates within a framework of fixed rules
the more bureaucratic organization becomes
value driven and neutral.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF BUREAUCRACY
IMPORTANCE DESCRIPTION
Specifies the Knowing the duties and responsibilities of the
duties and officials, result into a smooth operation of the
responsiblitiesgovernment. It avoids more or less the duplication
of officials of works and saves mortime and money on the
part of the employees and the government.
Employs proper It is a must that those who desire to work in the
and scientific government should be screened carefully in order
selection of to avoid any liability in the process. This kind of
individuals policy is clear in the civil service rules.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF BUREAUCRACY
IMPORTANCE DESCRIPTION
Uses an The primordial concern in this case is the
impersonal application of the policies and rules which should
approach in the be implemented regardless of the pson who wll
organization be affected. The bureaucratic organization must
not be made to suffer from the ties that bind the
employees working in the public organization.
 EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
• Barangay - handle all the needs of the public from economic
trade to protection of the entire community.
• Political structure- headed by a datu or rajah who exercised
all the powers of the government
assisted by a council of elders often consulted in matters
tht required the decision of the datu.
 EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
COLONIAL PERIOD
• the old style administration was replaced by the new colonial
master
• highly centralized government that contrlled everything
• a civil service was created but focused its attention on the
executive, legislative, judicial, and religious functions
• civil service was composed of the following departments:
Army, Navy, Justice, Finance, Directorate General of Civil
Administration
 EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
• enactment of the Malolos Constitution which served as the
foundation of the existing government
• defined the powers of the revolutionary officials
• created seven departments: Foreign Affairs, Interior, Finance,
War, Army and Navy, Public Institution, Public Communication
and Works, Agriculture, Industry and Commerce
 EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
AMERICAN PERIOD
• put up a civil service which valued the principle “public office
is a public trust” and that the civil servants were made
accountable to the public
• created six (6) govermental departments: Finance, Justice,
Public Instruction, Interior, Agriculture and Natural Resources,
and Commerce and Communications
 EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
• the Commonwealth of the Philippines was the administrative
body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside
from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 to
1945 when Japan occupied the country
• this was a transitory government that will pave the way for the
Philippine independence
• The 1935 Constitution was drafted. All institutions of the
government were under the civil service and that entry in
some ranks must be done through merit and fitness.
• Created additional departments: National Defense, Labour
and Health, and Public Welfare
 EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
JAPANESE PERIOD
• Civil Servants were all Filipinos
• Came up with six (6) departments: Foreign Affairs, Finance,
Justice, Agriculture and Commerce, Public Works and
Communications, and Education
 EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
INDEPENDENCE
• The government expanded and swelled, yet the
administration became complicated and resulted to practices
which were not expected
• Government and public complained: unqualified personnel,
graft and corruption, incompetence, and low prestige
• Different administrations introduced reforms - restructuring of
bureaucracy - but all faded in the process as other problems
became more apparent.
• Pres. Marcos through Congress aproved into law the
“Reorganization Law” in 1968
 EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY
INDEPENDENCE
• Pres. Marcos reorganized the executive department through
P.D. No. 1.
• After Martial Law, the Philippine government continued and
sparingly introduced several other reforms in the government.
 PRELIM EXAMINATION PHILIPPINE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
I. YOUR STATEMENT
Directions. Define the following concepts according to what has been
agreed upon in the class. (3 points each)
1. Public Administration (Leonard White) 2. Good Governance

3. New Public Management 4. Administration (Frank Goodnow)

5. Subject matter view (scope of PA)

 PRELIM EXAMINATION IN PHILIPPINE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
II. IDENTIFY IT
Directions. Identify the correct answer carefully from the statements
or questions that follow.
_______1. He is considered as the “Father of Public Administration.”
_______2. It is a field of business which is removed from the hurry
and strife of politics.
_______3. It takes on a very technical matter which espouses the
idea that public administration is a function of its acronym.
_______4. It looks at the specific function of public administration
which concentrates on the basic activity of a specific
government.
 PRELIM EXAMINATION IN PHILIPPINE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Directions. Identify the correct answer carefully from the
statements or questions that follow.
_______5. It is one of the two approaches to public adinistration
which is characterized as under the formal control of the
political leadership.
_______6. A classical theorist who believes that institutions of
government should have a well hierarchy.
_______7. He is well known for his contribution for the budgetary
reform in government.
 PRELIM EXAMINATION IN PHILIPPINE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Directions. Identify the correct answer carefully from the
statements or questions that follow.
_______8. A modern type of public administration which focuses on
the issues of development among the third world
countries.
_______9. These are actors referred to as the institutions in the
government.
_______10. The title of the seminal essay of Woodrow Wilson which
signals the start of the classical period of public
administration.
 PRELIM EXAMINATION IN PHILIPPINE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
III. YOUR ARGUMENT
Directions. Compose an essay addressing the following questions
below.Your essay will be evaluated based on the rubrics.
1. Is public administration important? Explain your answer and cite
some instances that highlight the importance of the field of public
administration.
2. Discuss the evolution of public administration.
3. While public administration is different from the private
administration in several aspects, are there many similarities
between the two areas? What are those aspects where these fields
could be related?
 PRELIM EXAMINATION IN PHILIPPINE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
III. YOUR ARGUMENT
Category 4 3 2 1
Response to Written response addresses Written response Response to writing Response lacks any
Essay all essay question writing addresses at least 2 of prompts is unclear comprehension of the
Question prompts clearly and 3 essay writing or vague and/or essay question or
Writing directly. prompts clearly and addresses only one appears to address a
Prompts directly. writing prompt in a different essay
    clear, direct manner. question.
 
Quality and Response indicates depth Response indicates Response lacks Response is
Clarity of and complexity of thought simplistic or repetitive focus or unfocused, illogical or
in answering the essay thoughts in answering demonstrates incoherent.
Thought
question. the essay question. confused or  
conflicting thinking.
Organization Response is well organized Response is organized Response is fairly Response is
& and developed with and developed with organized and disorganized and
appropriate support to general supporting developed, underdeveloped,
Development
make meaning clear (well- ideas provided presenting providing little or no
of Ideas chosen examples). (reasons/general generalizations relevant support.
examples). without adequate  
support.