GEOMETRY

CHAPTER 3
Geometry & Measurement

3.1 Measuring Distance, Area

and Volume
3.2 Applications and Problem
Solving
3.3 Lines, Angles and Triangles
3.1 Rounding Measurements

To round:
1. Underline the place
2. If number to the right of the under-
lined place is 5 or more, add one
3. Otherwise, do not change
4. Change all digits to the right of
underlined number to zeros
 3.1 Rounding Example

Example: Round 38.67 centimeters

to the nearest centimeter
1. 38.67
2. First number to the right of 8 is
“6”, so add one to 8
4. Change all digits to the right to
0’s. The answer is, 39.00 or 39
3.1 Calculating Distances

Linear Measure - a distance which

could be around a polygon (perimeter)
or around a circle (circumference)
Perimeter - sum of the lengths of
the sides
Circumference - distance around
circle C = π d member
(Re d = 2r )
 3.1 Metric Measures

Measure can be in U.S. system

(yd, ft, etc.) or metric (cm,m, etc)

King Henry Died Monday

km hm dam m
kilometer hectometer dekameter meter

Drinking Chocolate Milk

dm cm mm
decimeter centimeter millimeter
 3.1 Metric Measures

1 km = 1000 m 1 dm = 0.1 m
1 hm = 100 m 1 cm = 0.01 m
1 dam = 10 m 1 mm = 0.001 m
 3.1 Linear Distance

2. What is the distance around the

polygon, in meters? 78 cm 75 cm
78 + 95 +
80 + 75 = 328 cm 95 cm 80 cm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

A. 328 m B. 32.8 m
C. 3.28 m D. 0.328m
3.1 Calculating Areas

Rectangle
Parallelogram
Square
Triangle
b2
Trapezoid
b1
r Circle
3.1 Area - Square Units

4. What is the area of a circular

region whose diameter is 6 cm?
Formula: If d = 6,
2
A = π r
= π (3) 2 then r = 3

A. 36π sq. cm B. 6π sq. cm

C. 12π sq. cm D. 9π sq. cm
 3.1 Examples of Area

Surface area of a rectangular

solid H
There are 6 W Front/back
faces of L
Sides (Left/Right)
the solid
Top/Bottom
A=2LH +2WH +2LW Square units
 3.1 Examples of Area
6. What is the surface area
of a rectangular solid that is H=6
12 in. long, 5 in. wide and 6 W=5
in. high? L=12
A=2LH +2WH +2LW
A=2(12)(6)+2(5)(6)+2(12)(5)
A. 360 cubic in. B. 324 sq. in.
C. 324 cubic in. D. 360 sq. in.
 3.1 Volume - Cubic Units

h Rectangular Solid
V=lwh
w l
r 2
h Cylinder V =π r h
1
h Cone V= π r h
2

r 3
4 3
r Sphere V= π r
3
3.1 Example of Volume

8. What is the volume of a sphere

with a 12 inch diameter?
4 If d = 12,
Formula: V = π r 3
then r = 6
3
4 3
V = π (6) Since (6)(6)(6)= 216, the
3 only reasonable ans. is C
3.1 Identifying the Unit

9. Which of the following would not be

used to measure the amount of water
needed to fill a swimming pool?

A. Cubic feet B. Liters

C. Gallons D. Meters linear
Think of “volume” as capacity or
filling up the inside of a 3D figure.
3.2 Application Example

1. What will be the cost of tiling a room

measuring 12 ft. by 15 ft. if square tiles
cost $2 each & measure 12 in.?

Since 12 inches = 1 ft, one tile is 1 ft on

each side or 1 sq. ft.
Area room: A = bh; (12)(15) = 180 sq ft
And (180)($2) = $360 cost

A. $180 B. $4320 C. $360 D. $3600

3.2 Pythagorean Theorem

For any RIGHT

TRIANGLE Side opposite
c the right
a angle is the
hypotenuse
b
“c”

c = a +b
2 2 2
3.2 Pythagorean Theorem

3. A TV antenna 12 ft. high is to be anchored

by 3 wires each attached to the top of 12 c
antenna and to pts on the roof 5 ft. from
base of the antenna. If wire costs $.75 per
5
ft, what will be the cost?

2 2 2
c = a +b
2 2 2
A. $27.00
c = (12) + (5) = 144 + 25 = 169
B. $29.25
c = 13 and 3 wires x 13 ft = 39 ft
Cost is .75 x 39 =$29.25 C. $9.75
D. $38.25
 3.2 Infer & Select Formulas

7. The figure shows a regular hexagon

Select the formula for total area

Total area is the area of the

6 identical triangles.
h
If area of 1 triangle = 1/2xbh, b
then 6 x 1/2 x bh = 3 bh

A. 3h+b B. 6(h+b) C. 6hb D. 3hb

3.3 Lines; Angles; Triangles

ANGLES TRIANGLES

straight angle 180 Right triangle

right angle 90 Acute triangle
obtuse > 90, < 180 Obtuse triangle
acute angle < 90 Scalene triangle
comp. sum to 90 Isosceles
supp. sum to 180 Equilateral
vertical angles-equal
3.3 Properties Example

2. What type of triangle is ABC? 70°

Since sum of angles of
55°
triangle = 180,
and 55 + 70 = 125,
then angle C = 180 - 125 = 55.
If 2 angles = , then isosceles. C

A. Isosceles B. Right
C. Equilateral D. Scalene
 3.3 Angle Measures

1. B S Theorem B S
All B’s are = , S B
All S’s are = B S
B + S = 180 S B

2. Perpendicular lines intersect

to form right angles.
 3.3 Angle Measures

Terminology 1 2
L
The parallel lines are 1
3 4
cut by transversal T 5 6
L2
7 8
Corresponding angles are = T
1 and 5, 3 and 7, 2 and 6, 4 and 8

Vertical angles are =

1 and 4, 3 and 2, 6 and 7, 5 and 8
 3.3 Angle Measures

Terminology 1 2
L
The parallel lines are 1
3 4
cut by transversal T 5 6
L2
7 8
T
Alternate interior angles are =
4 and 5, 3 and 6
Alternate exterior angles are =
1 and 8, 2 and 7
 3.3 Angle Measures

3. If 2 angles of a triangle
are = , then sides opposite
are =

4. If 2 sides of a triangle
are =, then angles
opposite are =
 3.3 Examples

6. Which statement is 60 75
true for the figure shown L1 45 R
75 60 45
at the right given that L1 105 S T7545 135
and L2 are parallel? L2
75 V 45
105 135
After using the BS
theorem, angle T A.Since m∠T = 75°,m∠S = 60°
does = 75 and B.Since m∠T = 75°,m∠S = 105°
angle S=105
C.m∠V = m∠R
D.None
€
 3.3 Similar Triangles

Two triangles are similar if all

angles are = and sides proportional
A
10.Which statements are true? 7.5
i. mA = mE x
40
ii. AC = 6 D
40 C B
iii. CE/CA = CB/CD 5 4
E
Since m  D=m  B and  DCE and  ACB are
Vertical angles m  A=m  E
A. i only B. ii only C. i and ii only D. i, ii, iii
 3.3 Similar Triangles

Two triangles are similar if all

angles are = and sides proportional
A
10.Which statements are true? 7.5
i. mA = mE x
40
ii. AC = 6 D
40 C B
iii. CE/CA = CB/CD 5 4
E
The triangle are similar, thus ratios of corresponding
sides are =. x/4 = 7.5/5 thus x= 4(7.5)/5 = 6

A. i only B. ii only C. i and ii only D. i, ii, iii

 3.3 Similar Triangles

Two triangles are similar if all

angles are = and sides proportional
A
10.Which statements are true? 7.5
i. mA = mE x
40
ii. AC = 6 D
40 C B
iii. CE/CA = CB/CD 5 4
E
The triangle are similar, thus ratios of corresponding
sides are =. CE/CA = CD/CB thus iii is false!

A. i only B. ii only C. i and ii only D. i, ii, iii

 REMEMBER

MATH IS FUN
AND …
YOU CAN DO IT