HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

NAME GROUP :
NURIN FARAH BINTI TANGANG
ES
WHAT IS LIFE- SPAN DEVELOPMENT?

• Life –span refers to the full process of human development from conception
to death. It is a holistic approach to understanding all of the physiological
,cognitive ,emotional and social changes that people through.
• Development – pattern of movement or changes that begin at conception
and continues throughout human life span.
• Most development involves growth, although it also includes decline
brought on by aging and dying.
 WHAT IS CHARACTERICS OF LIFE- SPAN
PERSEPCTIVE?
- German psychologist Paul Baltes, a leading expert on lifespan development and
aging, developed one of the approaches to studying development called lifespan
perspective.

 Development is lifelong - means that development is not completed in infancy or childhood or at

any specific age, it encompasses the entire lifespan from conception to death
- The study of development traditionally focused almost exclusively on the
changes occurring from conception to adolescene and the gradual declined in old age.
- The early events of ones childhood can be transformed by later events
in one life.
 Development is multidimensional – The fact that complex interplay of
factors influence development across the lifespan including biological,
cognitive and socioemotional changes.
 Development is multidirectional - The development of a particular
domain does not occur in a strictly linear fashion but that
development of certain traits can be characterized as having the
capacity for both an increase and decrease in efficacy over the course
of an individual’s life.

 Development is plastic – meaning that characteristic are malleable or

contextual.

 Development is multidisciplinary –Psychologist, sociologist,

anthropologist, neuroscientist and medical researchers all study
human development and share an interest in unlocking the mysteries
of development through the life span.
 Development is contextual – the paradigm of contextualism refers to
the idea that three system of biological and environmental influences
work together to influence development.
- three types of influences are:
I. Normative age-graded influence – have a strong correlation with chronological
age, such as puberty or menopause or age-based social practices such as
beginning school or entering retirement.
II. Normative history-graded influences – common to people of particular generation
because of the circumstances they experience.
III. Nonnormative influences – unpredictable and not tied to a certain developmental
time in a person’s development or to a historical period.
BIOLOGICAL, COGNITIVE AND SOCIOEMOTIONAL
PROCESS.

Biological Produce changes in an individual’s physical nature.

●

●
Genes inherited from parents, the development of the brain, height and
weight cardiovascular decline are all examples of biological processes that
processes effect

Cognitive Refers to changes in the individual’s thought ,intelligence and language

●

Watching a colorful mobile swinging above the crib, putting together a two
●

word sentence memorizing a poem, imaging what it would be like to be a

processes movie star and solving crossword puzzle all involve cognitive processes.

Socioemotional Changes in an individual’s relationship with other people, self-

●

knowledge(self-esteem , metacognition, sexual identity ethnic identity),

moral reasoning and personality.
processes ●
PERIODS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Prenatal Infancy and

Development Toddlerhood

Early
Childhood

Middle Adolescenc