FI RS T A I D E D U C A T I ON

FIRST AID

it is the immediate using available facilities or

materials and given to an injured or ill person
while waiting for medical assistance to arrive.
FIRST AIDER
it deals with the whole situation involving the patient
and the injury or illness.
the PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS (PNRC)
conducts training for people who like to become first
aiders.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER
A good first aider must be
Gentle
Resourceful
Observant
Sympathetic
Consoling ; and
respectful
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FIRST AIDER ARE
AS FOLLOW:
since the first aider does not perform the functions af a
doctor or compete with the later, he/she immediately
transfers the medical task and care of the victim to a
qualified physician who comes to the rescue.
he/she ensure the safety of bystanders.
he/she assesses the condition of the victim
He/she identifies the risks or threats to the victim’s life.
He/she calls for medical assistance as needed.
He/she provides the immediate and necessary care.
He/she assists the medical personnel.
He/she records the situation, care given, etc.
GENERAL DIRECTION FOR FIRST
First aider should keep two fundamental things in mind.
One, she/he must determine the best way of rescue such as removing
the victim from water, fire or a place filled with carbon monoxide or
smoke.
Two, she/he must ensure that the victim has an open airway and must
administer mouth-to-mouth or nose-to-nose artificial respiration if
necessary, including severe bleeding
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Life support is a series of emergency life-saving

procedures that are carried out to prolong the life of a
victim.
THREE TYPES OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Basic life support is an emergency procedure that consists

of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the
proper application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced cardiac
life support can be administered.
Advanced cardiac life support is the use of special
equipment to maintain the breathing and blood
circulation of the victim.
Prolonged life support is the post-resuscitation and
long-term resuscitation.
WHA T IS EM E R G EN C Y ?
Emergency is the sudden onset of medical or surgical severity,
in the absence of immediate medical attention, could reasonably
and unexpected result in serious danger to health or impairment
of bodily functions.
An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to
health, life, property, or environment. Most emergencies require
urgent intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation
 TAKE NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING IN ACTIVATING
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE

situation of person
location
number of persons injured
extent of injury and first aid given
telephone number from where you are calling
identity of the person who activates the medical assistance
Emergency rescue is the quick transfer of apatient from an unsafe
place to a safe place. The indicattions for emergency rescue are:
Danger of fire or explosion
Risk of toxic gases or asphyxia due to lack of exygen
Serious traffic hazards
Risk of drowning
Danger of electrocution
Danger of collapsing walls
 METHODS OF RESCUE

For immediate rescue without ant assistance, drag or

pull the bictim.
Most of the drags/carries/lifts and other transfer
methods can be used as methods of rescue.
The factors to consider in choosing the transfer method
are as follows:
nature and severity of the injury nature of evacuation route
size of the victim distance to be covered
physical capabilities of the first gender of the victim
aider
number of personnel and
equipment available
THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES MUST BE FOLLOWED
DURING TRANSFER:

Victim’s airway must be maintained open.

Hemorrhage is controlled
Victim is safely maintained in the correct position.
The victim’s condition is regularly checked
Supporting bandages and dressing remain effectively applied.
The method of transfer is safe, comfortable and as speedy as
cicumstances permit.
The patient’s body is moved as one unit.
The taller first aiders stay at the head side of the victim
First aiders/bearers must observe ergonomics in lifting and
moving the patient
CLOTH MATERIAL COMMONLY USED IN FIRST AID

Dressing is any germ-free fabric material used to plaster

wound.
Bandage is any clean or sterilized fabric material that holds
the dressing in place.A
BANDAGES AND BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
A bandage is a piece of cloth or other material used
to bind or wrap a diseased, injured or fractured part of
the body.
Usually shaped as a strip or pad, bandages are either
placed directly against the wound or used to bind a
fractured of the body