Fluid Dynamics

•Hydrostatics
•Surface Tension
•Viscosity
 Short Questions
• Focus on definition
• Write down mathematical formula related to
the variables asked in question (if possible)
• Relate the variable: Whether it is directly or
inversely proportional
• Write down concluding remarks
 Short Questions (Surface Tension)

• Definition, Unit & Dimensional formula

• Which has greater surface tension: pure water, soap added water or sugar added
water? Explain.
• A freely falling rain drop acquires perfectly spherical shape. Why?
• The ends of a glass tube become round on heating. Why?
• A steel needle when placed gently on the water surface floats, although density of
steel is much higher than that of water and upthrust is also less than weight of the
needle. How?
• Why small liquid drops are spherical in shape while large drops are flat?
• The fibers of a painting brush spread when dipped in a liquid and cling together
when taken out. Explain.
• What is the effect of impurities on surface tension of water?
• A small needle keeps on floating when placed on the surface of water, but sinks
when a small detergent is mixed in water. Why?
• Soap helps in cleaning the cloths. Why?
• Why is it easier to wash cloths with a hot soup solution than a cold soap solution?
• Small particles of camphor dance on the surface of water? Why?
 Short Questions (Surface Tension)

• Antiseptics have low surface tension. Why?

• Water wets glass but mercury does not. Explain.
• The water meniscus in a glass vessel is concave
upward. Why?
• The mercury meniscus in a glass vessel is convex
upward. Why?
• Why does hot soup taste better than cold one?
• What will happen if a capillary tube of
insufficient height is dipped in water?
 Short Questions (Surface Tension)

• We use towel to dry our body after a bath. Why?

• Water remains cool in an earthen pot in summer. Explain.
• A piece of chalk when immersed in water emits bubbles.
Why?
• A piece of blotting paper soaks ink. Why?
• How does water rise in the stem of plants?
• Why is there split in the nib of a pen?
• Ploughing of the field helps to retain moisture of soil. Why?
• Why does the wick of lantern dipped in oil keep on burning?
• Why should detergents have small angle of contact?
 Short Questions (Viscosity)
• A beaker containing glycerin and containing water
are stirred vigorously and placed on a table, which
comes to rest first?
• What is fluidity?
• Distinguished between viscosity and friction.
• Explain why machine parts are jammed in winter.
• Slow running water from a tap can be made into a
fast jet by placing a finger over the top to narrow
the exit. Explain.
 Short Questions (Viscosity)
• Can two streamlines intersect each other at a point?
• Roofs of huts are blown up during stormy days. Explain.
• An aeroplane requires a long run on the ground before
taking off. Explain why?
• Why does a flag flutter on strong wind?
• People think that a fast moving train attracts a person
standing nearby its track. Is it true? Explain.
• Explain the working principle of an atomizer.
• When water flowing into a broader pipe enters into a
narrower pipe the pressure decreases, why?
 Numericals
• Surface Tension
• Angle of contact of mercury with glass is 1350.
A narrow tube of glass having diameter 2 mm
is dipped in a beaker containing mercury. By
what height does the mercury go down in the
tube relative to the level of mercury outside?
[ Ans. 5.7 mm]
• A rectangular plate of dimensions 6 cm by 4 cm and thickness
is 2 mm is placed with its largest face flat on the surface of
water. Calculate the downward force on the plate due to
surface tension assuming zero angle of contact. What is the
downward force if the plate placed vertical so that its longest
side just touches the water?  [Ans. 1.4 x 10 -2 N ,8.7 x 10 -2
N]
• Calculate the work in breaking a drop of water of 2 mm
diameter into million droplets of same size. The surface
tension of water is 72x10-3 N/m.  [Ans. 8.9x10-5 N/m]
• Find the work done required to break up a drop of water of
radius 5X10-3m into eight drops of water, assuming isothermal
condition. The surface tension of water is 72x10-3 N/m.
•  Ans: 2.26X10-5J
 Viscosity
• Eight spherical rain drop of the same mass and radius are falling down with a terminal speed
5cm/s. If they coalesce to form one big drop, what will be its terminal speed?
[ Ans. 0.2 m/s]
• Castor oil at 20 0 has a coefficient of viscosity 2.42 Ns/m2 and density 940 kg/m3. Calculate
terminal velocity of a steel ball of radius 2.00mm falling under gravity in the oil. [ Density of
steel = 7800 kg/m3] [Ans. 0.025 m/s]
• Calculate the mass of an aeroplane with the wings of area 55m 2 flying horizontally. The
velocity of air above and below the wings is 155m/s and 140 m/s respectively.  [Ans. 1.57 x
10 4 kg.]
• Calculate the magnitude and direction of the terminal velocity of an air bubble of radius
1mm passing through an oil of viscosity 0.2Nsm -2 and specific gravity 0.9 if the density of air is
1.29 kg/m3.  [Ans. 0.0099 m/s]
• Water flows Steadily through a horizontal pipe of non-uniform cross section. if the pressure
of water is 4x104 N/m2 at a point where the velocity of flow is 2m/s and cross section is 0.02
m2. What is the pressure at a point where cross section reduces to 0.01 m 2? [ Ans. 3.4 x
104 N/m2]
• What is terminal velocity of steel ball falling through a tall jar containing glycerine? The
densities of the steel ball and gylcirine are 8.5 g/cc and 1.32 g/cc respectively and the
viscosity of glycerine is 0.85 poise and radius of the steel ball is 2mm.  [Ans.
0.75 m/sec.]